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Section_ⅢGrammar— 情态动词(Ⅰ)
语法图解
探究发现
①Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.
②Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who mightreturn either to help or to do harm.
③Most ancient festival would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.
④For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.
[我的发现]
以上四个句子都使用了情态动词。其中,第①句中的can表示许可,意为“可以”;第②句中的might表示推测,意为“可能会”;第③句中的would表示过去习惯性动作,意为“过去常会”;第④句中的should表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。
一、基本特征
1.情态动词有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。 She can speak English though she is six. 尽管她才6岁她会说英语。
2.情态动词一般无人称和数的变化,个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。 They must be in the classroom. 他们一定在教室里。
3.构成否定句时,not放在其后面。 The young man can't carry the big stone.
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这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。 4.情态动词后接动词原形。 Youwill do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。 [即时演练1] 补全句子
①He said I could_use_the_computer. 他说我可以用这台电脑。
②We should__study_hard for our motherland and ourselves. 为了我们的祖国和我们自己,我们应该努力学习。 二、基本用法
1.can与could的用法
(1)表示能力:can用来表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。 I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young. 现在我会打篮球了,但小时候我不会。
(2)表示请求和许可:could语气比can委婉,但回答时只能用can。 Can/Could you lend me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
(3)表示推测,意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。 —Can he be in the reading room now?
—No,he can't be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now. ——他现在可能在阅览室吗?
——不,他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。 (4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能会”。 Jogging can be harmful to the health. 慢跑可能对身体健康有害。
[辨析比较] can, be able to表示“能力”时的区别
can be able to 用于指现在,常表示自身具有的能力 用于各种时态,表示经过努力后所具有的能力 Babies can swim when they were born. 婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work,he was not able to get good grades. 如果没有他的努力工作,他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力) [即时演练2]
(1)选出下列句中can/could的含义
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A.表示能力 B.表示推测 C.表示请求和许可D.表示理论或习惯上的可能性 ①I believe that he can't be so rude._B_ ②Ican speak English fluently while he can't._A_ ③Scotlandcanbe very warm in September._D_ ④—Could you please clean this room? —Yes, I can._C_ (2)选词填空:can, be able to
①He can give you some advice on how to learn English. ②They will_be_able_to tell you the news soon. ③At last, they were_able_to escape from the fire. 2.may与might的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。 —May I come in? —Yes, you may/can. ——我可以进来吗? ——是的,你可以进来。
(No, you can't.不行,你不能进来。) You may go now. 你现在可以走了。
(2)表示推测(把握不大),意为“可能”,多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。 He may come, or he maynot. 他可能来,也可能不来。
It may/might rain this afternoon. You'd better take a raincoat with you. 今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。 (3)may用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May you have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快!
[即时演练3] 写出下列句中may的用法 ①May you be happy!表示祝愿 ②I think he maycome today.表示推测 ③Youmay keep the book for 2 weeks.表示许可 3.will与would的用法
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(1)表示意志或意愿,意为“会;想;要”等。多表示从主语的主观意志出发,愿意做某事。
We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。
I have asked her, but she won't help us. 我已经问过她了,但她不会帮助我们的。
(2)表示请求或建议,多用于疑问句。would语气更委婉。
Wouldyou please open/Would you mind opening the window for me? 请你为我打开窗户好吗? Would you pass me the bottle? 请你递给我那个瓶子好吗?
(3)表示习惯性动作或客观真理,意为“总是;老是”。 will表示现在,would 表示过去。
She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 她独自在房间里听音乐,往往一听就是几小时。 Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水面上。
On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess. 以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。 [辨析比较] would, used to
would used to 表示过去反复发生的动作,不强调现在还是否经常发生 表示过去常常做某事,但现在不这样做了 Hewouldgo to the park as soon as he was free. 过去,他一有空就去公园。(动作反复发生,现在还有可能再去) I used to go to work by bike, but now I go to work by car. 我过去常常骑车上班,但是现在我开车上班。 [即时演练4] 补全句子
①My parents won't_allow_me__to_stay out late. 我的父母不会允许我在外待得很晚。
②He would_get_up_early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是起的很早。
③People used_to_believe that the earth was flat. 过去,人们总以为地球是扁平的。
④Some vegetables will_get_burnt in such hot weather. 有些蔬菜在炎热的天气下会烤焦。
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