高中英语必修5（外研版）Unit-1-British-and-American-English--知识点总结

As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look. 他年轻时曾经在美国独立战争中为反抗英军而战斗，他觉得英语的书写形式在新独立的美国应该体现与众不同的”美国”面貌。 · 基本用法

distinctive adj. 有特色的；与众不同的

She had a distinctive appearance. 她的外貌与众不同。 Beer has a very distinctive smell. 啤酒有一种特殊的味道。 · 知识拓展--相关单词 distinction n. 区别；特点

There is a fine distinction between the two words. 这两个字之间有细微区别。 We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是非。

look

· 原文再现

As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look. 他年轻时曾经在美国独立战争中为反抗英军而战斗，他觉得英语的书写形式在新独立的美国应该体现与众不同的“美国”面貌。 · 基本用法

1. look n. 外观；面容；看

A look of misery spread over Martha's face. 玛莎的脸上布满了愁云。 Let me have a look at your passport. 让我看一下您的护照。 She threw me a look of encouragement. 她向我投来鼓励的目光。 2. look v. 看；看起来

I look at this problem from a different viewpoint. 我从不同的观点来看这个问题。

The old man sitting on the park bench looks familiar. 坐在公园长椅上的那个老人看上去很面熟。（此句中，look作系动词用，后面加形容词，而不是副词）

criticize

· 原文再现

The British criticized the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. 英国人对这本词典持批评态度，但它在美国仍很快成为标准参考用书。 · 基本用法

criticize v. 批评；评论

It's hard to criticize one's own work. 评价自己的工作并非易事。 You are free to criticize my work. 你可以随意批评我的工作。 · 知识拓展--相关单词

1. critic n. 批评家；评论家；爱挑剔的人

He is a very famous film critic. 他是一个很有名气的电影评论家。 2. critical adj. 批评的；爱挑剔的；评论的

Your critical analysis helped me a great deal. 你的评论分析对我帮助很大。

standard

· 原文再现

The British criticized the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. 英国人对这本词典持批评态度，但它在美国仍很快成为标准参考用书。 · 基本用法

1. standard n. 标准，水平，准则

In my opinion, neither you nor he has met the standard. 在我看来，你跟他都没有达到标准。 2. standard adj. 普通的；标准的

It will send you a standard form for you to fill out. 它会寄给你标准表格要你填写。 · 知识拓展--相关短语

1. the living standards 生活标准

The living standards of the Chinese people have been greatly improved. 中国人民的生活水平已经有了很大的提高。 2. set a standard 制定标准

He sets high standards of behavior for his pupils. 他为学生制定严格的行为准则。 3. be up to/meet the standard 达到标准

His work was not up to the required standard. 他的工作未达到要求的水准。

reference

· 原文再现

The British criticized the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. 英国人对这本词典持批评态度，但它在美国仍很快成为标准参考用书。 · 基本用法

reference n. 参考；涉及；参考书目

This reference book is very useful to our study. 这本参考书对我们的研究很有用。 There is no further reference to him in her diary. 她的日记中没有进一步提到他。 All such books were bought for reference. 所有这些书都是为参考而买的。 · 知识拓展--相关单词

refer v. 参考；涉及；提到；查阅 注意：refer常跟介词to搭配。如：

refer to 涉及；谈到；查阅；参考 refer…to… 提交；归属于；认为…与…有关 Don't refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事了。 For further details, please refer to page 426. 详情请看426页。

Mr White referred his success to his hard work. 怀特先生说他的成功是靠勤劳工作而获得的。

二、重点句型

America and England are two countries divided by a common language. 美国和英国是被用一种语言分开的两个国家。

· 基本用法

本句中，过去分词短语divided by a common language作后置定语，修饰two countries。非谓语动词作 定语，现在分词表示主动或进行，过去分词表还被动或完成，不定式表示将来的动作。如： The people waiting there looked very anxious. 在那里等待的人们看起来很着急。 There were many people trapped under the broken buildings in the earthquake. 地震中很多人被困在倒塌的建筑下。

He always has a lot of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。

Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it’s a torch. 美国人把手电筒成为flashlight，然而英国人却叫它torch。

· 基本用法

此句中while不是引导时间状语从句，而是是作为并列连词使用，意为”然而，而”，强调前后两者对比。but 重点强调前后意思转折，注意用心体会两者在句中区别。如：

Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人很费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。 The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields. 儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。

I ought to have helped her，but I never could. 我本该帮她但没能。

Honey is sweet，but the bee stings. 蜂蜜很甜，但蜜蜂有刺蜇人。

Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. 有时候，同一个单词在意思上有细微的差别会让人困惑。

· 基本用法

句中which can be confusing是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代的是前面整个主句的意思。Which

作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，既可以指代前面句子中的某一名词或代词，也可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。如： My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.

我弟弟喜欢打篮球，他打得很好。（which指代前面的basketball，在从句中作宾语） She told me she won the match, which was a lie.

她告诉我她赢了比赛，那是一个谎言。（which指代she won the match，在从句中作主语） She passed the driving test, which made us very surprised.

她通过了驾驶考试，让我们大吃一惊。（which指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作主语）

The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them. 英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略掉。

· 基本用法

本句为主从复合句，where引导的是地点状语从句。Where引导的状语从句位置比较灵活，可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。如：

Springs are very short where she lives. 在她住的地方春天很短暂。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

We should put the medicine where the children can’t reach. 我们应该把药放到孩子们够不到的地方。

When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.

当著名的爱尔兰作家萧伯纳说出“英国和美国是被一种常见的语言分割开来的两个国家” 一番话时，很明显他考虑了两者之间的差异。

· 基本用法

此句为主从复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句。that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language 是同位语从句，用来说明前面的名词 remark 的内容。同位语从句常跟在以下名词的后面：idea，thought，belief，hope，suggestion，doubt，order，news。如： I have no idea when he will come. 我不知道他什么时候来。