本科英语语法—两时两体

在完成体一样，过去完成体也有“完成”和“未完成”两种用法，后者也可以用过去完成进行体来强调。过去完成进行体的另一种用法是用在非事实假设中的表达中。

（1）一般用法

1When we arrived at the station, the train had already left. ○

○2I had known him for quite a long time before you offered to introduce him.

○3He was frustrated because he had been working on his term paper for three days and didn’t seem to make much progress. （强调“未完成”性）

（2）假设用法

过去完成体的假设用法表示未实现的事情，它用来表示与事实相反的行为，这些事实和行为属于过去，是不能改变的。这种用法经常出现在下列情况中：一是由if, if only, as if, as though等引导的从句中，二是当用expect, intend, mean, suppose, think 和want等来表达未实现的希望、打算和意图时：

1If you had worked harder, you wouldn’t have lost the job. ○

○2If only you had lived here with us. ○3I felt as if I had known her all my life.

○4I had wanted to call you but my phone broken down.

○5He had expected to win the first place but the judge was just unfair.

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