新概念英语第一册 1~36 语法总结

新概念1 阶段语法总结

1 一般疑问句(lesson1)

句中有be(am,is.are)动词的，将be动词提到主语前. 例：This is my handbag,-?Is this your handbay?

(说明：第一步：找be动词； 第二步：be动词提前。第三步：其他照抄) 2 陈述句变否定句(lesson3)

句中有be动词的，在be(am,is,are)后加not,

例:This is my book---?This is not my book.=This isn’t my book. 3 be动词的用法口诀(lesson5)

我用am,你用are,is连着他、她、它，单数名词用is,复述名词全用are. 4 特殊疑问词:what, how, whose ,who, where,which.(lesson7.9.11.17.26.21)

⑴ what 引导的特殊疑问句：what+be+疑问的事物? 如: What is your job ? ⑵ how 引导的特殊疑问句: how+be+人/物？用来问一般情况.健康或生活情况. “怎么样” 例:How is tong ? How are you ? How is your hat ? ⑶ Whose 引导的特殊疑问句：用来询问所属关系.

“谁的”结构:①Whose + 事物 + is this/that?=Whose is this/that + 事物？

②Whose + 事物 + are these/those?=Whose are these/those + 事物？

例:①Whose shirt is this?=Whose is this shirt?②Whose books are these?=Whose are those books? ⑷ Who 引导的特殊疑问句:用来询问人的姓名和身份.例:Who is he ? Who are you? ⑸ Which引导的特殊疑问句:Which + 名词(单数复数都行) + 一般疑问句. 例：Which book do you like? Which cups do you want? ⑹Where 引导的特殊疑问句:用来询问地点

结构:① Where is + 可数名词单数 / 不可数名词/ 单数人名 / 代词. ② Where are + 可数名词复数 / 复数人名 / 代词.

例:① Where is the table / the milk / Jack / he ? ② Where are the apples / tina and jack / they ? 5 名称所有格:表示“...的”.(Lesson 11)

⑴加“ ’s” ⑵以s结尾的复数名词加“ ’ ”.

⑶不以s结尾的复数名词加“ ’s ”. ⑷以s结尾的单词加“’s”或 “ ’ ”

6.人称代词: 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们

主格：(作主语) I you he she it we you they (动词前) 宾语：（作宾语） me you him her it us you them (动词后)

形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their （后接名词） 例: I am a student.(做主语) Give me a book.(动词后,做宾语) This is my mother.(我的) 7.名称变复数:(Lesson 15-20):可数名词可变复数.

规则：①直接加s.:book → books apple → apples house → houses

②以s.x.ch.sh结尾的.加es. dress → dresses. box → boxes. watch → watches. dish → dishes. ③以f或fe结尾的. 把f或fe变v加es: wife → wives. leaf → leaves. ④以辅音字母加y结尾的.把y变i加es: family → families. 注意:以元音字母加y结尾的.直接加s: boy → boys.

⑤部分以“o”结尾的加es.口诀: 黑人 英雄 （爱吃） 土豆 西红柿. Negro hero potato tomato 注意:mango(芒果)既可加s. 也可加es. 其余加s.

⑥特殊变化(本书中能出现的)：man→men woman→women child→children

milkman→milkmen sheep→sheep fish→fish.(fishes代词不同种类的鱼) tooth→teeth 8.祈使句:(lesson 21.23.29):用来表示请求.建议.命令.叮嘱.(通常省略主语you).

结构:动词原形+名称/代词/介词. 例: Give me abook. Open the window. Shut the door. 9.宾语:由名称、代词等来承担，放在动词后，即动作施加给谁，谁就是宾语. 例: She often helps me . 主语 谓语动词 宾语

双宾语:(lesson21):有时动词可以有两个宾语.一个是直接宾语.一个是间接宾语. 四字箴言:直物间人. 人在前时:Give me a book. 注:人称代词用宾格. 物在前时:Give a book to me (中间加个to) 10.there be 句型(lesson 25.27)

区别: 人有某物 用 have 如:I have abook.(以后细讲)

某处有某物. 用there be 句型。 如: There is a table in the kitchen. 结构: There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点(介词短语) There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点(介词短语) .

注意: 从后往前翻译. “厨房里有个冰箱” → There is a fridge in the kitchen.

切记: 地点一定在后面. 有 一个冰箱 在厨房里 变一般疑问句: Is there ~ ? 否定句: There isn’t ~~~ 例: There are some books on the desk. (陈述句) Are there any books on the desk? (一般疑问句) There aren’t any books on the desk (否定句)

注意: some和any都可用于复数可数名词.也可用于不可数名词.

但some用于肯定句.any用于一般疑问句和否定句. 考试时别忘了. 11.现在进行时：现在某段时间正在进行的动作 (lesson 31.33) 结构:主语+ am/is/are+ 现在分词+其它 现在分词的变化规则:

1+ 直接加ing. climb→climbing. sweep→sweeping 2- 以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing. make→making

3重 辅元辅结尾的双写尾字母，加ing run→running sit→sitting.

一般疑问句 否定句 例：I am making a cake . → Are you making a cake ? → I’m not making a cake. He is climbing the tree. → Is he climbing the tree? → He isn’t climbing the tree. They are running .→ Are they running? → They aren’t running 注意:考试时考点: Tom is sitting under the tree.(就划线部分提问) ① ② ③ ①. Who is sitting under the tree? (人被划掉了.用who提问)

②. What is Tom dong ? (动作被划掉了.用what提问.动作变doing) ③. Where is Tom sitting? (地点被划掉了.用where提问) 12. 方位介词（lesson35）：表示方位的介词（详见P71）

注意：方位介词前必须有动词，不可单独使用，如果句子中没有实义动词，默认为be动词。 例：她正坐在草地上。She is sitting on the grass. （句子中有实义动词sit）

老师在教室的前面。The teacher is in the front of the classroom.

（没有没有实义动词，默认为be动词）