2016新课标创新人教英语 必修五 Unit 3 Section 3

[语法初识]

原句感知 1.①Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. (1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语自主探究 ②Given better attention, the trees could grow 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 better. ③Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. 2．①Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. ＝ Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. ②I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. ＝ I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency. (3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列3.①When offered help, one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you.” ②The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. 句。 (4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“从属连词＋过去分词”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when, once, while, if, unless, as if, as, than, though, although等。 版权所有:中国好课堂www.zghkt.cn

(2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：①原因状语；②条件状语；③伴随情况或方式状语。

[语法剖析]

语法点一

过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

1．作时间状语。相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。

(2012·安徽高考)When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得既有趣又有意义。 2．作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句或并列结构。

(2015·天津高考)Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 专心于画画，约翰没有注意到时间是晚上了。

3．作条件状语。相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 (2012·北京高考)Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。

4．作让步状语。相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether ... or等连词转换成让步状语从句。

Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.

＝Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. 尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。

5．作方式、伴随状语。相当于and连接的并列结构。 She accepted the gift, deeply moved.

＝ She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。

[点津] 值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost (迷路)；seated (坐)；hidden (躲)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in (穿着)；tired of (厌烦)。

Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 即时演练1 1－1.单句语法填空

①If we can do as mentioned (mention) above, there will be no doubt that we can master

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过去分词作状语

English.

②There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared (compare) with those who have no musical training. ③When exposed (expose) to stress, in whatever form, all of us react both chemically and physically.

④Devoted (devote) to his science research, he has enjoyed fame all over the world. 1－2.句型转换

⑤When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful. →Seenfromthetopofthehill, the town looks more beautiful.

⑥Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. →Deeplymovedbythestory, the children began to cry. ⑦If we were given more time, we could do it much better. →Givenmoretime, we could do it much better.

⑧The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers. →The president of the company came to the factory, followedbysomeworkers.

语法点二 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。

Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。

The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。

语法点三 过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构，过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。

(2015·江苏高考)Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

在书桌前坐得太久，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。

即时演练2

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过去分词作状语时在句中的位置 过去分词的独立结构作状语

用独立主格结构作状语改写句子

①After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. →Thelecturegiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.

②The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries. →Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofthemshippedtoforeigncountries. ③Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy. →Extramoneygiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.

语法点四 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。

[助记] 分词作状语记忆口诀

分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用 -ing，被动用 -ed。

Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于多年使用，这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。

[点津] 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。

If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught, the police will punish him.(√)

即时演练3 单句语法填空

①(2013·重庆高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.

②—Where is Jimmy?

—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, absorbed(absorb) in his video games. ③Asked (ask) why he was late, he cried.

④Hearing (hear) the joke, I couldn't help laughing.

过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 版权所有:中国好课堂www.zghkt.cn