2018届外研版高中英语高考英语第二轮语法专题复习学案：第二讲 代词和介词(短语) Word版含解析

可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，another 代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的??(多少)” others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another. 回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。

[典例6] [2015·云南玉溪一中期中]People visit other countries for various reasons: some travel on business; ________ travel to visit interesting places.

[解析] others 考查代词的用法。根据前面的语境可知此处应表示“其他的人”；some...; others... 故答案是others。

3 either, both, neither, all, none, any

①Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.

拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。 ②I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like either of them very much.

我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。

[典例7] [2015·安庆一中四模]—Did your mother have a professional career, or did she work at home?

—Actually, she did ________ when we were young, she stayed at home.Later, she went back to school and became a teacher.

[解析] both 考查代词的用法。根据空格后的内容可知“母亲两件事情都做过”，故填both。

4none, no one与nothing的区别

(1)none指代人和物，强调数量，一般回答how many/much的提问。 (2)no one指人，强调没有人，一般回答who的提问。 (3)nothing指物，一般用来回答what的提问。

[典例8] I knew that ________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.

[解析] nothing 考查代词。根据下文中他从未放弃可知“没什么”能让他泄气，故填nothing。

[典例9] My brother would like to buy a good watch but ________ was available from that shop.

[解析] none 考查代词。but为关键信息，上文说“买一块手表”，but后表示“没有一块”，故用none。

考点三 it的用法

1it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物；身份不明的人或婴儿，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。

The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情)

帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。

2it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。

①New technologies have it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 新的科技使得在高效率低成本的前提下生产出新的产品变为可能。

②As far as I'm concerned, it is no use arguing with him; he won't change his mind. 就我个人而言，同他争论没用，他不会改变主意。

3表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。

①They would appreciate it, to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. 坦率地说，如果货物尽快被送到，他们会感激不尽。

②Laughter is the best medicine—at least when it comes to protecting your heart. 笑是最好的药，至少当涉及保护心脏的时候(是这样)。 4it用于强调句型及其他固定句式中。

It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other. 我们是在一起工作过的农场上相互认识的。

5it用来指代时间、地点等；也可用于不表示明确意义的语境中，通常不指代内容，如：get it(明白了)；make it(成功了)；forget it(算了吧)等结构中。

[典例10] When ________ comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.

[解析] it 考查it用于“when it comes to sth.”这一固定结构中，表示“当提到??”。 [典例11] ________ was not until 1820 that Hans Christian Oersted and Andre�MMarie Ampere discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field.

[解析] It 考查强调句型结构，其中“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that...”为强调句型，首字母需大写，故填写It。

考点四1高考常考介词用法归纳与辨析

介词及介词短语