2018届外研版高中英语高考英语第二轮语法专题复习学案：第二讲 代词和介词（短语） Word版含解析

第二讲 代词和介词(短语)

PartⅠ 真题变式体验

1．[2015·福建高考]The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions.

答案：neither 根据题干中的“two reports”和“but”可知，此处表示“两个中的任何一个都不”，所以填neither。

2．[2015·陕西高考]The little pupil took his grandma________ the arm and walked her across the street.

答案：by take sb. by the arm是一个固定短语“抓住某人的胳膊”。

3．[2015·重庆高考]The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.

答案：nobody 根据结构可知此处填主语，结合语义及“but”这一关键信息可以确定答案是nobody。

4．[2015·重庆高考]In my first literature class, Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all ________ 45 minutes.

答案：within 此处考查介词的用法。表示“不超过，在??的范围内”。

5．[2015·天津高考]The quality of education in this small school is better than________ in some larger schools.

答案：that 考查代词用法。根据句式结构和语义可知，此处代替的是quality，为抽象名词，故用that。

6．[2015·浙江高考]Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?

答案：to 考查介词用法。be home to为固定短语“为??的栖息地/发源地”。 7．[2014·陕西高考]I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

答案：it I'd appreciate it if/when...属于固定句式，表示“假如/当??我将不胜感激。”故填it。

8．[2014·北京高考]Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.

答案：in'“in＋一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中，意为“在??之后”。句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。

9．[2014·重庆高考]A smile costs ________， but gives much.

答案：nothing/little 根据题干中的“but”可推知该空处应为表示否定的代词，故答案为nothing或little与much相对应。

10．[2014·福建高考]Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background.

答案：of'regardless of“不管，不顾”。句意：我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不分年龄、性别和教育背景。

PartⅡ 语篇真题演练

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

[2014·广东高考] Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ___16___was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.

After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months ___17___ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We ___18___ (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ___19___ for the week after. I didn't understand ___20___ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ___21___ the reservation. What's worse，the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was ___22___ (surprise) helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ___23___ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ___24___ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little ___25___ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.

Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。

本文讲述的是作者的一次旅游经历。虽然预订房间出现了差错，但问题得到了很好的解决，作者感到很满意。

Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。

16．it。根据结构可知，此处填代词，结合语境可知指代上文中的Miami。 17．earlier。考查词性转换。表“六个月前”。

18．were_told。考查谓语。注意考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。 19．but。考查并列结构。分析空前空后的句子结构，可知答案。

20．why/how。根据两个句子可知此处填连词，在及物动词后为宾语从句，按宾语从句选择连词的方法判断。

21．for。考查固定用法。charge...for“为??收费”。

22．surprisingly。根据空格后的helpful可知此处填副词修饰形容词。 23．the。在可数名词单数前需加冠词。

24．where。两句子之间需连词，在名词后的从句可以考虑定语从句中关连词的选填方法。 25．sunburnt/sunburned。考查非谓语形式。“get done”表示被动，可知答案。 Step 3：代入验证。

需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。

(1)常见代词类型的基本用法；(2)易混不定知识 清单 代词的区别；(3)it的用法；(4)常见介词(短语)的基本用法；(5)常见介词固定搭配。 学情 分析 考生在代词和介词的学习过程中存在的问题如下： (1)对代词的基本功能和用法掌握不扎实；(2)在使用时，未判断所指代内容，单凭语

感解题；(3)易混代词的用法特点不能把握；(4)介词及介词短语在使用时混乱，不能切实掌握常见介词的特点。 考点一 常见代词类型的基本用法

1人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：

人称 第Ⅰ人称 第Ⅱ人称 第Ⅲ人称 主格(主语) I; we you he; she; it; they 宾格(宾语) me; us you him; her; it; them 2物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词或代词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：

形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 my mine our ours your yours his his her hers its its their theirs 注意：?1?形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。 ?2?“of?介词?＋名词性物主代词?或名词所有格?”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of my father's我父亲的朋友中的一个。

[典例1] [2015·广东揭阳学业水平考试]Everyone in the room held their breath as the music began. When ________ all saw tears flowing down my pale cheeks, the song had only been played halfway.

[解析] they 根据空格的位置可知句子中缺少主语，并且根据上下文语境可知，该空格代指的是“everyone”，故用they来代替。

[典例2] [2015·黑龙江双鸭山一中期末]Kevin Daly was sentenced to nearly three years in prison after losing control of ________ partner Alice Hicks' car on a country road.

[解析] his 考查代词用法。此空无提示词，后面是名词，一般填形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，根据句意，此处填his。

[典例3] [2015·山西康杰中学四校联考]At first she took my hands in ________ (she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.

[解析] hers 考查代词用法。根据语意，该空格指代的内容是her hands，在介词后面应填名词性物主代词，故答案是hers。

3指示代词：this, that, these, those；其中this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与“here”连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与“there”连用。

4反身代词 人称代词 I you he she they it

反身代词 myself yourself/yourselves himself herself themselves itself (1)反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。 You shouldn't leave the child by himself at home. 你不应把孩子独自留在家里。 I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。

The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

(2)常见的一些含反身代词的固定搭配： by oneself 独自地 for oneself 亲自 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 behave oneself 举止良好 seat oneself 坐下来 devote oneself to 专心于 come to oneself 苏醒过来 dress oneself 自己穿衣 help oneself to 随便吃，随便用

[典例4] [2015·河南开封二模]Only human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help ________ realize these choices.

[解析] themselves 考查代词的用法。根据空格位于help之后，应填名词/代词，结合语意可知此处填反身代词themselves，指代human beings。

考点二 易混不定代词的区别

1one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别

one ones the one the ones that those it 代指可数名词单数泛指 代指可数名词复数泛指 代指可数名词单数特指 代指可数名词复数特指 代指不可数名词或相当于the one 代指可数名词复数特指＝the ones 上文中所提的同一个事物 [典例5] [2015·福建泉州五校摸底]As a fresh man，what matters is to find a right position in the university, ________ that best suits your personality and ability.

[解析] one 考查代词用法。代替上文中的a right position即泛指可数名词单数，因此填one。

2the other, other, another, others the other other the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...the other...“一个??另一个??”，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的” other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义