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Distribution power flow, iteration is needed. Nonetheless, from the principle of the proposed method, it is easy to understand why relatively little iteration was observed in the test. 6. Remarks
It should be pointed out that because the branch current is taken as an optimal variable
(control variable) while the synthetical objective is a quadratic function of the branch current in this algorithm, we can solve the necessary condition equation of the optimization using a linear convergence approach. The convergence character of this algorithm is good and the number of iterations is weakly related to the size under study.
The algorithm is suitable for use in radial or weakly meshed distribution systems. It can also be used for systems with distributed generation, induction motor loads or other nonlinear loads, and can be implemented by line the nonlinear loads at each iterative step.
A capacitor bank is actually an integer variable, whereas this paper deals with the capacitor sizing problem by continual variable optimization; this might cause some calculation error and so this method can only give a sub-optimal solution.
This method minimizes real power losses and load loading simultaneously during the
optimization process, so network security has been considered. The test results presented in this paper have verified this point. 7. Conclusions
Loop-flow analysis is a suitable method for solving radial or weakly meshed distribution
power flow. Based on the loop-flow-analysis method, a general, canonical and analytical method to solve optimal capacitor sizing is proposed in this paper. A matching injected flow is defined to simulate the changes of reactive power injection caused by the switching over of capacitors. A mathematic model for formulating optimal capacitor sizing is given and a loop-flow-based
method is presented to solve this problem. Simulation tests have been done, and the results show that this method is easy to implement and good convergence can be obtained. Furthermore, this method can be used to solve optimal capacitor placement. This novel algorithm has the following features:
_ It is suitable for use in radial or weakly meshed distribution network analysis. _ It deals with both economic and secure objectives jointly in one unified function. _ It can obtain a sub-optimal solution with relatively little iteration. _ It can be used for three-phase distribution-system analysis.
_ It is suitable for use both in planning and in real-time applications for large-scale distribution-power systems.
The proposed algorithm has been implemented and embedded into an analysis software package for distribution-system analysis and optimization.
配电系统中电容优化方法
按照惯例,最佳电容大小已制订作为一个整数规划问题。这是一个难的问题,到现在为止一直没有有效的解决方法。主要有三种类型的方法来处理这个问题。第一个涉及基于优化的方法,如动态规划(许与郭,1993 ;王,辽,沉,陈,2000 ) 。第二个结合启发式的(芳等,1993)传统的分析方法。第三是基于现代启发式算法,如遗传算法,禁忌搜索和模拟退火(蒋等, 1990a ,B ;戈塞,哥斯瓦米,巴蜀, 1999年,黄,杨,黄, 1996) 。然而,所有这些方法都耗时和/或难以适用,以获得全局最优解。因此,需要进一步研究,开发更实用的配电系统中的电容器优化方法。
放射状或网状弱的分销网络中的功率流分析,向前和向后扫支路称为是有效的和被广泛采用。补偿进行了考虑对径向分支流量当前的效果。不过,目前还不清楚为什么向前和向后扫描补偿方法执行令人满意的分销网络分析。本文件表明,循环的分析框架,建议在这里是一个合适的方法或径向或弱网状分布网络分析。
节点分析,这是电力系统的分析方法,已被广泛用来分析节点电压和节点注入流动之间的关系。然而,在径向或弱的分销网络分析,主要关注的是之间分支流量和节点注入电流的关系;因此,循环分析,这是一个更合适的分支流量分析方法,应使用。到现在为止,很少的工作已经完成,在这一领域。在本论文中,一个循环 - 基于流的方法,提出并应用于电容器径向或弱网状分布系统的优化。由于线的功率损耗和线路负荷,可以直接由线流表示,基于循环分析的优化模型有一个简单的形式。基于循环分析方法,提出一种简单实用的算法,以尽量减少系统的损失和平衡分支负荷,导致了一种改进的最佳解决方案。由于目标函数的优化问题是一个简单的流线的二次函数,本文提出的基于循环流算法有一个很好的收敛性质。只需要一个小的迭代,以达到最终的解决方案,因此这种方法是足够快速的在线大规模分布系统中的应用。
循环分析,这是一种方法,是适合使用径向或弱网状分布的网络分析,近20年前首次研究( Zhang等,1986) 。对于一个具有N个节点,B分行和米循环,源节点,编号为N ,可以指定一个根节点和网络的其余部分,如果有n个节点的分销网络,则b = N + M 。如果网络是径向(即M = 0 ) ,那么,在这种情况下,B = N 。
路径是在循环分析的重要概念。在网络的任何节点总是由单一到根节点路径连接。一套分支节点的路径可以被定义为沿着这条路线。为了了解循环分析方法,一些事件的矩阵描述的分销网络的拓扑结构定义如下。
T是节点路径事件的n ×B矩阵,被称为路径矩阵。 T(I ,J ) =±1 ,如果分支J在节点的路径是我,否则T(下I, J) = 0。符号“+”表示该分支j和路径,我是在同一个方向,否则符号“ _'is使用。
B是环分支事件矩阵的m ×B ,其中被称为循环矩阵。 ( I, J) =±1 ,如果分支J在第I个循环, 否则B (I,J )= 0 。 “+”符号表示分行J和循环,我是在同一方向,否则使用“_” 。
对于一个连通图开始,从1度的叶节点,我们在使用第一步半动态优化的排序方法( Tinney和沃克,1967年)的网络节点的数量。可以下令所有的径向树枝一步。然后,在第二个步骤,我们使用深优先搜索(DFS)的方法,以确定在余下的网络图的树和链接
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