定语从句（高中）高考题举例待整理

定语从句（以高考考点脉络）

★定义He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) ★语序 例句

★关系词 代— Who Whom which that

Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) as

副（从句句子单独成立）—when where why（以上为初中

简单回顾）

★分类 限制性—修饰限定

非限制性—补充说明，与主句用逗号分开

He has two sons, who work in the same company. (he has only two sons.)

★识点归纳（高考考点） ☆1.关系词基本的使用

☆2.whose 与 of which of whom不可以转换的情况 (区别)

of which of whom后的名词如果有定冠词修饰则可以转换，否则只用whose

☆3.只用that 不用which ;which 不用that情况

☆4.that why不能引导非限制性定语从句; Who Whom Whose when where 引导限制性与非限制性定语从句是一样的

☆5. which引导的非限制性定语从句(试讲的重点的一块知识)

关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。

① which指代主句中的名词，如： She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。

Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 ② which指代主句中的形容词。如：

She is always careless，which we should not be.

她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。

She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。

③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如：

He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true. 他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。

④ which指代整个主句。如：

He won the game, which made me surprised.

In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.

在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。

He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.

他可能得了急性盲肠炎，如果是这样，他就得动手术。 历年高考题:

(2009,全国)My friend showed me round the town, _A__was very kind of him.

A which B that C where D it

☆6.as限定与非限定

在定语从句里，as既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。 as在两个里面都是作关系代词。

（1）as引导限定性定语从句，多与the same/such/so搭配使用。

e.g. I have got into the same trouble as he has.

（2）非限定性定语从句：用法同which（不能放句首），用来指代前面的句子（而非先行词），多与know/expect/see搭配使用,在句中位置灵活（句首句中句尾）。

e.g.As we know, smoking does harm to our health.

另：which和as的区别

A. which不能放句首（The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.) B. as如果在从句中作主语，后面的谓语动词必须是系动词。(It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.这边就不能用as来代替which，因为prevent是行为动词） C. 从句中含否定含义的词用which

☆7.介词和关系代词（只能是which whom） 限制与非限制性

为表述清楚有时也会有在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词，而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。

They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved.

他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。

They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded. 他们对汤姆表示了感谢，因为没有他的支持他们就不会成功。

These new neighbors，to whom I was introduced yesterday，have come here from Beijing.

这些邻居是北京来的，昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。介词加关系副词的情况 高考题举例：

☆8.“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句

It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.

现在它拥有两万公顷土地，其中三分之二之多已经耕种。

Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometers per second.

世界上光的速度是最快的，其速度是每秒三十万公里。

There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new. 大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。

The textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women.

这家纺织厂有8千多职工，女职工占百分之八十。

☆9.定语从句与强调句的区别