2012届高三语法复习 - 图文

4. 雨已经下了三个小时了。 5. 他等她已经两个小时了。

6. 他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。 7. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。

8. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 9. 你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 10. 我至今没有得到她的来信。. 11. 我好几个场合见到过她。 12. 这支钢笔我才用过三次。 13. 你曾去过北京吗？

14. 我从来没有听过Mary说过你的不是。 15. 我以前看过这部电影。 16. 那个失踪的孩子找到了吗？ 17. 最近我很少见到他。

18. 昨天到现在Tom都一直发烧 19. 你姐姐做了多久老师了？ 20. 他刚从国外回来，正在洗澡。 21. 迈克尔病了三天了，

22. 桌子摆好了，咱们吃饭吧。 23. 钱我花光了，借一点给我好吗？ 24. 今天早晨六点钟下起大雨来。 25. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。26. A: 李飞到哪去了？ B: 他到海南岛去了。 A: 他去那里多久了？ B: 去那里三天了。

A: 他什么时候回来，你知道吗？ B: 恐怕最近回不来。

A: 你能告诉我去海南岛怎么走吗？ B: 抱歉，我没去过那里。

A: 李飞去那个地方多少次了？ B: 只去过一次。 英译中：

1. You read very well. 2. You've read very well。

3. The book is written in simple English.

4. The book has been written in simple English. 5. He won't come till the play begins. 6. He won't come till the play has begun. 7. Where are you?

8. Where have you been? 9. You don't eat much.

10. You're not eating much. 11. Here comes the bus!

12. The bus is coming.

13. Tom always comes late.

14. Tom is always /constantly/forever coming late. 15. He always sleeps in the afternoon. 16. He is always sleeping in the afternoon. 17. What do you say? 18. What are you saying?

19. I find that the book is too difficult for me.

20. I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. 21. Apples cost more these days.

22. Apples are costing more these days.

23. What have I done to make you so angry? 24. What did I do to make you so angry? 25. He has lived in New York for eight years. 26. He lived in New York for eight years. 27. They were friends from many years. 28. They had been friends for many years. ) 29. We hoped he would come. 30. We had hoped he would come. 31. He did the work at 6.

32. He had done the work at 6. 33. When she sang she sat down. 34. When she had sung she sat down. 35. Someone has phoned you.

36. Someone has been phoning you. 37. I've read the novel.

38. I've been reading the novel. 39. Who's eaten my apples?

40. Who's been eating my apples?

英语中几大从句的用法总结

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why

下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句

3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有\

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。 ⒈主语从句 ⑴主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\\a pity\\a question\\good news\\common knowledge that... *It seems\\appears\\happened\\has turned out \\occured to me that... *It is clear\\obvious\\important\\necessary\\likely\\possible that...

*It is said\\reported\\estimated\\has been proved\\known to all\\has been decided\\believed that... ⑵what引导的主语从句表示―...的东西时‖，一般不用it作形式主语。 *What we lack is experience. ⒉宾语从句 ⑴宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

*I promised that I would change the situation.

*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. ⑵宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 *He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. ⑶在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 *He didn't think that the money was well spent. ⒊表语从句

⑴表语从句出现在结构为―主语+系动词+表语从句‖的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.

*Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

*The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. *It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether/who/when/ Where/what/why/how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact/idea/ belief/news/hope/conclusion/evidence/suggestion/order/ problem/report,/decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

*She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. *I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. *The news came that their team had won the championship.

名词从句练习

1) _______________________________________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. 2) ___________________________________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. 3) _______________________________________________(这么做是故意的) became obvious. 4) It is not clear yet ___________________________________________(谁应该为这件事负责). 5) It is none of your business _________________________________________(玛丽与谁订婚). 6) This novel is just ______________________________________________(我一直在寻找的). 7) It is not yet known _______________________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).

8) __________________________________________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. 9) My main problem right now is _________________________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款). 10) It all depends on __________________________________________(他们是否会支持我们). 11) You have yet to answer my question ______________________(我是否可以指望你的投票). 12) Finally, the workers got an answer ________________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资). 13) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).

5.定语从句

【定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导】 ⑴限制性定语从句【限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that等who/whom/ whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等】

*The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. *Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. *The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all/anything/everything/something/nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first/last/any/few/much/some/no/only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。

*That is all that I've heard from him.

*He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。

*This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

*This is one of those things (which\\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when/where/why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个―介词+which‖的结构。

*Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

*No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. ⑵非限制性定语从句【非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略】

*Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. ⑶―介词+which\\whom\\whose‖引导的定语从句

【―介词 +which\\whom\\whose‖可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配】 *This is the computer on which he spent all his savings *It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. ⑷as引导的定语从句

【as引导的定语从句主要用于\及\same...as\的结构中，代替先行词是