高中英语记叙文阅读专项训练之记叙文

高三年级二轮复习阅读理解部分专题之记叙文

主备人：李甜云

一．记叙文

记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要手法，以记人、叙事为主要内容的文章。 1传记

传记属记叙文的一种，是用来记载人物生平事迹的文章。在教学过程中，教师要指导学生通过时间和事件的关系把握文章的主线。此类体裁的文章通常被分为四部分，即A. childhood years B. early manhood C. great achievement D. remarks。教师应当引导学生按照下列主线来理解传记类文章：人物→时间与事件→成功/成就/信仰→评价。这样使学生在准确地理解课文的同时，也能学到传记类文章的写作方法。 2故事类

故事类文章也是记叙文的一种。文章多以人物、事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事。此类篇章情节性较强，教师可指导学生按照事件叠加、情节逐步展开的特点和解决问题，以人物一系列动作为线索的显著特征进行略读，即可以较快地获得篇章的主要信息。然后，教师再引导学生按照situation→problem→actions→conclusion迅速、准确地理解和掌握文章的细节。

二．“八字诀”：综观 理脉 检索 整合

一、综观——握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。

二、理脉——分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。

三、检索——筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。

四、整合——审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制(没有要求在简练的基础上多多益善)；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。 三． 要求能力

1、 理解语篇主旨大意 2、 理解文章具体信息 3、 根据上下文推断生词的词义

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4、 做出简单判断和推理 5、 理解文章的基本结构 6、 理解作者的观点、意图和态度 四 题型动态

1、 主旨大意题 2、 细节理解题 3、 词义判断题 4、 推断题

5、 观点态度题 1 主旨大意题

文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种： What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? The main idea of the passage is… The passage is mainly about_____. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage is/ might be____. The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____. ★ 做题要领：

文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。 2 细节理解题

这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出： Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage? Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage? According to the passage, what/where/ Which/who/why/when/how…? All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________. How does the author/writer feel about___?

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3词义／语义判断题

这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种： According to the author, the underlined word”…” means____. From the passage, we can infer that the word”…”is___. ★ “…” can be best replaced by___. What does the author probably mean by”…”? By”…”, the author means that___ ★做题要领

做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。 4 推断题

以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 推断题的常见形式：

It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____. ★ From the text we know that ______.�� The passage implies that ______.�� The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.��

解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。�� 5 观点态度题

回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。 常见的态度词语有:

positive support approval(赞同的） optimistic ★ critical negative tolerant disappointed pessimistic(悲观的) indifferent(冷淡的) doubtful Neutral(中立的） objective(客观的） 这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:

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What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…? The author thinks/suggests/believes that___. How does the author feel about…? Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with? Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?

五．实战练习。 （I）

The most important holiday in spring, especially for Christians, is Easter. This Christian holiday is not on the same date every year，but it's always on a Sunday. It can be any Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Many people celebrate Easter by buying new clothes. Children celebrate by hunting for colored eggs that their parents have hidden around the house. People also give Easter baskets filled with candy and other goodies to one another to celebrate the day. But the holiday is more than new clothes and good things to eat. On Easter, many people go to church to celebrate Jesus' resurrection（复活）from the dead. Most people color Ester eggs. Some people hide them. Others just eat them. But no matter what one does with Easter eggs，they are an important Easter tradition throughout the Western world. People from many different cultures celebrate Easter. In both America and Belgium, children look for Easter eggs hidden on lawns and in bushes. In America, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny (兔子).But in Belgium, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from church bells. In Bulgaria (保加利亚), red Easter eggs are lucky in churches. Bulgarian families also hit these Easter eggs together to see whose is the strongest. The winner looks forward to good fortune that year. Still dozens of other Easter traditions exist. In parts of Austria，for example，children sing from door to door and are rewarded with colorful eggs. 1．Easter comes _______.

A. on the same date every year B. on Sunday on March 22

C. on Sunday on April 25 D. on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25 2．To celebrate Easter, people ___________.

A. go shopping, hide colored eggs and children hunt for them B. give Easter baskets filled candy and goodies to one another

C. buy new clothes, hide colored eggs and children look for them around the house D. both B and C

3．For Christians the more important thing to do on Easter is________. A. going to church to celebrate Jesus' resurrection

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