人教版新课标2018-2019学年 必修三 第四单元配套练习

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

Period One Warming Up & Reading

Ⅰ.单句填空

1．Judging from his ________ expression, this problem must be quite ________．(puzzle) 2．Mike said, “We must get rid of the bomb in the street, or when it ________(explode) many people will be hurt.”

3．The local villagers have planted many trees on both sides of the river to prevent the soil ________(wash) away.

4．Mike's father is so________(violence) that Mike is afraid of telling him he has failed. 5．It is obvious that smoking is________(harm) to health.

6．Most scientists believe that water doesn't________(existence) on the surface of the moon. 7．With the table________(lay), we began to take dinner.

8．________(globe) warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.

9．It is ________(like) him to be late; he's usually on time.

10．Politics and________(religious) are daily topics of conversation. 11．Fruit juice can be harmful ________ children's teeth. 12．When did the world come ________ existence?

13．As is known to all, water is fundamental ________ survival. 14. The girls called out their names ________ turn.

15．________ a result, the disease was prevented ________ spreading successfully. Ⅱ.短语填空 be fundamental to; prevent from; in one's turn; give birth to; in time; depend on; be harmful to; lay eggs; as a result; settle into 1．I don't want to ________ my parents too much.

2．Finally, the Smiths ________ London, starting to make a new living. 3．My wife ________________ a healthy baby last night.

4．The company was not managed well.____________， it closed down. 5．Staying up frequently ________________ your health, to be sure.

6．Now that we have finished designing，the company, ________________，should do the

1

constructing work.

7．Animals of this kind produce young by ________． 8．We were ________________ going out by the heavy rain. 9．Soil ________________ the growth of the plants.

10．Don't give up halfway, Andy. You'll succeed ________________ if you keep on working like this.

Ⅲ.句型训练

1．He ________________________________at six every day. 他每天六点起床，这已成为一种习惯。

2．________________________________ concerns us all. 又将会有什么事情发生在他身上令大家担心。

3．This exam was ________________many students failed. 这次考试很难，结果很多学生不及格。 4. It matters little__________________________． 他喜不喜欢并没有什么关系。

5. Not until she spoke ____________________ she wasn't a British. 直到她开口说话我才意识到她不是英国人。 Ⅳ.阅读理解

Of all the planets, none has captured the world's imagination like Mars. Its reddish colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.

In Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey，the television science series from the 1980s，scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H．G.Wells' The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.

Today, Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.

The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at

2

least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland，brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨石) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said，“It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown, too.” Emma is six. She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars. She said, “The closest thing to Mars—the stuff—is from volcanoes mostly.”

“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.

1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why Martians were considered threatening. B．Why Mars has captured the world's imagination. C．What people generally thought of Mars in the past. D．How H．G.Wells got the idea for his science fiction. 2．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that ________． A．today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars B．today's space scientists are very interested in Mars C．science fiction films are no longer set in Mars

D．space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars 3．Sam would probably agree that ________．

A．Mars is not really red B．no meteorites have come from Mars C．Mars cannot be described as a little brown D．the ancient description of Mars' colour is true 4．What is the writer's attitude towards the idea that humans will set foot on Mars? A．He thinks it may happen in this year. B．He thinks it will always remain a dream.

C．He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years. D．He thinks it may happen in the following decades. Ⅴ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc.1.________(good) over

3

2，000 years ago, the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments 2.________(prove) that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these 3.________(argue)．

First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon(月食), the earth was 4.________ the sun and the moon, and they 5.________(see) that during these eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, so they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical(球形的).6.________the earth were a flat disc, then 7. ________ (it) shadow during eclipses would not be a perfect circle, and it would be stretched out into a long ellipse(椭圆)．

The second argument was 8.________(base) on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in 9.________ sky when they travelled south while, in more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much 10.________(high) in the sky.

4