定语从句十大难点

定语从句十大难点

撰稿：赵兴明 责编：牛新阁

定语从句是中学英语学习的语法重点，也是难点。为了让同学们更好地掌握这个语法项目，本文将对定语从句难点及重点加以分析归纳。在此之前，先测一测你对定语从句了解到什么程度吧。

测试练习

1．Is this the house ________ the great musician was born in? A．which B．where C．the one D．it

2．I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent our holidays together in Japan． A．when B．in which C．which D．that

3．I can still remember the sitting-room ________ my mother and I used to sit in the evening．

A．what B．which C．that D．where

4．I’m taking some weight-loss pills，________ are quite popular here． A．that B．which C．they D．who

5．The passagers and the suitcases ________ were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane．

A．it B．what C．that D．which

6．It was the largest map ________ I had ever seen．

A．which B．where C．that D．with which

7．Which was the hotel ________ was recommended to you?

A．as B．that C．who D．which

8．It's helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently．

A．that B．when C．which D．where

9．We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas． A．which B．whose C．in which D．with which

10．I saw someone running towards me in the dark street．Before I could see who it was， she had run back in the direction ________ she had come．

A．in which B．by which C．of which D．from which

11．Mr Zhang had a lot of friends，none of ________ could lend him any money． A．whom B．them C．which D．who

to

12．The man，in ________ company I have been working for ten years，is a good boss． A．which B．what C．whose D．whom

13．I’ve come to the point ________ I can’t stand her arguing any longer． A．why B．which C．where D．that

14．The man pulled out a gold watch，________ were set with small diamonds． A．the hands of whom B．whom the hands of C．which the hands of D．the hands of which

15．Tom spent the summer holidays in college，during ________ time he got a part-time job and read many literature books as well．

A．that B．this C．whose D．which

16．________ was announced in the newspaper，our country won 51 gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games．

A．It B．That C．As D．Which

17．The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people keep it running，________ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds． A．who B．that C．as D．which 18．You should treat him (in) the way ________ suits him best． A．that B．in which C．／ D．why

19．This is one of the books on this subject that ________ been written in Chinese． A．have B．had C．has D．having

20．This is the only one of the books on this subject that _____ been written in Chinese． A．have B．had C．has D．having

21．________ is known to us all is that Chinese athletes achieved great success in the Olympic Games．

A．It B．What C．As D．Which

22．Is this hotel ________ we are to stay when are in Paris in your letter? A．where B．in which C．the one D．A and C 23．—Where did you get to know her?

—It was in the school ________ we worked．

A．that B．there C．which D．where

24. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ______ the hostess

cooked such a nice dinner. (2010 安徽）

A．where B．that C．when D．which

25. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______ I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010 湖南）

A．who B．where C．when D．which

26. When the news came _______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. （2011 辽宁）

A. since B. which C. that D. because

参考答案

1～5 AADBC 6～10 CBDCD 11～15 ACCDD 16～20 CDAAC 21～26 BADBAC

语法点拨

关系代词还是关系副词？

选择关系代词还是关系副词要依据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分：

1. 关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which)，如试题11；

2. 关系词作定语时用whose引导定语从句。如试题1中指代先行词house的关系词作in的宾语，而不是

状语，所以答案为A。

3. 关系词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。如试

题2中的关系词the days在从句中作时间状语，表示“在那些日子里”而不是宾语(从句中的宾语是

our holidays)；试题3中的连接词在定语从句中作地点状语，而不是in的宾语，in的宾语是the evening。

试题25只有先判断出定语从句修饰的先行词是人（the students）还是地点（school）才能选定正

确的连接词，从定语从句中所缺少的成分---宾语可推知应该用who代表先行词students作定语从句

的谓语met的宾语，因此不能选where。 比较：

①I live in Wuxi，which is famous for Taihu Lake．

②I live in Wuxi，where Taihu Lake is protected by law．

例①，which在从句中作主语；例②where在从句中作状语。

that与which的区别

1．限制性定语从句的先行词指物，而且关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时既可以用that也可以用which，

但是that不能引导非限制性定语从句，如试题4。

2．先行词是不定代词all，few，little，much，anything，nothing等词，关系代词用that。 3．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及all，any，every，few，the very，the only修饰时，用

that作关系代词。如试题6。

4．在which开头的疑问句中，关系代词用that而不用which。如试题7。

which与where的区别

如果定语从句修饰point，situation，condition或case等表示抽象意义的词，而且关系词在从句中作状语，表示“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，此时用where引导定语从句。如试题13和试题8。

“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词及关系代词的选择

关系代词作介词宾语，介词可前置，此时只能用whom，which而不能用that，who构成“介词+which／whom”的结构。 该结构中介词的选择，一要看先行词；二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配；三要看句意。例如：

1. 试题9，period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when，而此题中没有when，所以要选择in

which相当于in the period。

2. 试题10，先行词direction和定语从句的谓语come之间要用介词from。 注意： 1．若为短语动词(即固定搭配)，那么介词不能放在关系词前面，如：look after，take care of，

look for等。

2．关系副词在意义上相当于“介词+which”。

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which) he arrived． The office where(=in which) he works is on the third floor． This is the chief reason why(=for which) we did it．

“不定代词、数词或名词+of which/whom”结构

此结构引出非限制性定语从句，表示整体中的全部或一部分。如： There are 40 students in our class，27 of whom are boys． 我们班有40名学生，其中27名是男生。 例如：

试题11，是“代词+of whom”结构，先行词是人，所以用whom。 试题14，是“名词+of which”结构，先行词是“a gold watch”。

关系代词whose的用法

先行词在定语从句中作定语用whose,表示“先行词的”。

I’ve got a car，whose type is popular．我拥有一辆小汽车，其车型现在非常受欢迎。 又如试题12，其中whose company又作介词in的宾语。此题关键弄清关系词与后面的名词的所属关系，问题就迎刃而解了。

此外，whose从句可转换为“名词+of which/whom”型，如试题14从句部分可以改写为：whose hands were set with small diamonds。再如：