译林牛津高一英语必修一定语从句关系代词,关系副词的讲解与专练(导学案无答案)

定语从句的讲解

一．语法术语及基本概念：

(1). 先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的那个词。

(2). 关系代词/关系副词:用来引导定语从句的关联词。

(3). 定语从句:用一个句子来修饰一个词时，我们称这个句子为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 以及关系副词when, where, why来引导，定语从句一般位于先行词之后。

二．关系代词的用法

（一）who,which,whom,that,whose的用法

(1)先行词是_____，关系代词在定语从句中做_______时，用_____或_____来引导。 e.g. Do you know the man ___________ is standing over there? The girl ______ took you to my place is my friend.

(2). 先行词是_____，关系代词在定语从句中做_____时，用____, ____或____来引导。做宾语时，____跟_______可以互换，在介词后面必须用______，不能用____，也不能用______。

The boy ________________ we saw yesterday is Mr. Wang’s son.

The old man _____________I often go to the films with is my grandfather.

(3) .先行词是________，关系代词在定语从句中做______时，用_____, ______来引导 He is not the person __________ he used to be.

(4). 先行词是_______，关系代词在定语从句中做_______时，用______或______来引导。 e.g. The train _______ has just left is for Guangzhou.

The earthquake _______ happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history. (5). 先行词是____，关系代词在定语从句中做____时，用_____或____来引导。

e.g. The bird ______ we caught the other day flew away yesterday. The pen ____I am writing with was bought in the Shopping Center. （6）．关系代词____的用法：

关系代词______ 意思是“谁的”，“什么的”；它是who和which的所有格形式，它可以用来引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句的_____或_______。 e.g. This is the house ______ door faces east.

You’re the only one _____ advice he might listen to. 关系代词 指代 定语从句中的成分 who whom that which whose

（二）关系代词的省略

关系代词在做宾语，表语时可以省略。称_______ Eg:I have been to the city twice _________you just visited. After a score of years, Johnson is not the naughty boy ______ he used to be.

（三）that 和which的区别

在定语从句中，当先行词是物时，引导词that和which常常可以通用，但以下几种情况需注意。

注意1只宜于用which，不用that的情况。 (1)先行词为that，those时。

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那个是什么？ (2)引导词（关系代词）前有介词时。

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 注意2只宜于用that，不用which的情况。

(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 The film is the most interesting that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最有趣的一部。

English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 英语会是这些年你学的最难的科目。

(2)先行词是序数词或它的前面有last或序数词修饰时。 It’s the first film that I saw this year. 这是我今年看的第一部电影。 Tom is always the first that comes to the classroom. Tom总是第一个到

教室的人。

(3)主句以疑问词who，which开头时，不用which或who，以避免重复。

Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？ (4)先行词既有人又有物时。

They are taiking about the sutdents and the school that they visited yesterday. 他们正在谈论昨天访问的学生和学校。

(5)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时。

You should hand in all that you have. 你应该把你有的所有上交。 We haven’t got much that we can offer you. 我们没有太多能提供给你。 Is this school the one that we are going to visit tomorrow? 这所学校是我们明天要参观的那个吗？

Is there anything that you want to buy? 你有什么想要买的东西吗？ (6) 先行词前有the only, the same, the very等词修饰时。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 我们能做的唯一的事就是给你一些钱。 二．“介词+关系代词”的用法 （一）：介词的位置

1. This is the student whom I bought a book for. =

2. This is the ship which I went to Shanghai by

=

（二）练习题

1. Do you know who lives in the building______there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whoseC.in front of which D.in front which 2. I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League. A.on whichB.in which C.whichD.at which

3. The woman_____my brother spoke just now is myteacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom

4. The Second World War_____millions of peoplewere killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which

5. The speed____which you drive your car mustn’ttoo high. 三．关系副词的用法

当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间，地点，原因，方式状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或”介词+which”.关系副词的作用如下：?指代表示时间，地点，原因的先行词；?在从句中充当句子成分-状语；?起连接作用，把先行词跟定语从句连接起来。 (一)when引导定语从句的用法

1.当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,month,week等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导 2.When可以换成“介词+which”

I still remember the time(= in which) I was in college.

I have forgotten the exact date when(= on which) this country became