桥牌作业

一．总结叫与搭档间使用的叫牌体系和信号系统 态度信号

当防守方进攻某一门花色时，无论是攻牌、跟牌，若要向同伴表明该花色的强弱情况，则出尽可能小的牌表示手中至少有一张大牌(示强)或者欢迎继续打该花色；出较大的牌表示手中无大牌(示弱)或不希望继续打该花色。

张数信号

先出小牌后出大牌表示奇数张；先出大牌后出小牌表示偶数张。

计数首攻信号：

三张套带一大牌时，首攻最小张。

四张套带大牌时，也应攻小牌，但因为先大后小表偶数张，攻第三张牌(谓之长三) 。 五张套首攻时，攻最小张(谓之长五) 。

六张套首攻时，也应小牌，但因为先大后小表偶数张，攻第五张牌。

计数跟牌信号：

当首攻一门花色的大牌时，一般情况下同伴应发出态度信号表示手中是否有相关大牌。但当根据攻牌的约定和明手的牌来看，同伴手中不可能有大牌时，再发示弱信号已属多余，此时应发出张数信号。

跟牌张数信号与计数首攻信号相似：

奇数张先出最小牌，以后再出较大牌；偶数张先跟出较大牌，再后再出最小牌。具体言之，双张先大后小；三张先最小，一般第二轮打最大牌；四张先第二张，后最小张；五张套先最小张，后次小；六张先第三张，后最小。

无将定约的首攻与信号：

首攻A：除非表明定约方有一套很强的长套花色，首攻a表示首攻人在该花色中有强大的实力，最多只差一张J或Q。适合攻A的结构多为：AKQJ…、AKQ10…、AKJ10…、AKQXX…、AKJXX…等。第三家信号很简单，持有Q或J时通常将其打出 (例外发生在当明手持10XXX四张或单缺时)，无花牌时打张数信号。

首攻K：约定，持KQJX…或KQ10X…四张以上套时首攻K。对首攻者，最关键的牌是A和J，第三家首先应发态度信号，而明手持有大牌时，可发张数信号。

首攻Q：约定，持QJ10X…或QJ9X…四张以上套时首攻Q。首攻Q后最关键信息是同伴是否持有该花色的A或K，第三家首先要给态度信号，明手牌表明第三家不可能有大牌时，改打张数信号。

首攻J：约定，持J109X…或J98X…四张以上套时首攻J。首攻J后最关键信息是同伴是否持有该花色的A或K或Q，第三家要给态度信号，明手牌表明第三家不可能有大牌时，改打张数信号。偶尔会从AQJXXX…的结构中攻J，第三家要从叫牌和明手结构中判断是否是这种罕见情况，如果判断明白(关键是看10能不能见到，以及同伴叫过牌没有)，第三家有k时要盖打，无k时简单打张数信号。

首攻10：约定，持KJ10XX…或AJ10XX…五张以上套时首攻10(仅持四张套时该首攻不见得有利)，也可能是从1098XX…或109XX…领头的四张以上套中攻出。如果是第一种进攻性情况，第三家如果有KQ或AQ这两张大牌中任一张，应打态度信号，如果从明手牌来看不可能

持大牌时，改打张数信号。如果首攻是保护性首攻，第三家发什么信号要仔细考虑，不可盲目牺牲大牌，因为多数情况下所持大牌已被飞中。

首攻9：约定，持K109XX…或A109XX…或Q109XX…五张以上套时首攻9(仅持四张套时该首攻不见得有利)，也可能是从987XX…或98XX…领头的四张以上套中攻出。第三家信号与首攻10类似。

首攻小牌后第三家的打法：

首攻小牌可能是从长套中领出的。

? 第三家打大牌：如果明手没大牌，第三家通常总是应出尽可能起作用的大牌。

? 首攻小牌，若明手立即用大A或K吃进，东应打态度信号，有K或Q时示强，无时示弱。 ? 首攻小牌，若该花色的A或K均不在明手，且东家只有几张电话号码，第一轮通常打出张数信号，有时不一定要无目的的用次小牌盖打明手打出的小牌。

有将定约的首攻与信号：

防守有将定约而首攻大牌，其目的是为了取得一、两个大牌赢墩，而不象无将定约那样要做通某花色。故从AKXXX或KQXXX中攻大牌是很常见的。

首攻A：攻A的目的只能是下列几种：持AKXX…，为兑现赢张；持AXXXXX…，为同伴创造将吃机会；持AX双张或单张，将牌有控制且有多余的小将牌，可以首攻A，以期得到将吃；千万不要从三张或四张带a的套中攻a为定约人解放大牌。 如果是从AKXXX…中攻出的A，东家视明手有无Q而打不同的信号，明手有Q时打张数信号，明手无Q时打态度信号。这里有个容易弄混的情况，双张在首攻者攻A时怎么打？我的意见是不管双张单张，还是按照有无相关大牌打信号，而不管能不能将吃，打大牌表示无相关大牌，打小牌表示有相关大牌，能不能获得将吃要通过叫牌和持张情况分析猜测。

首攻K或Q或J：等同于无将定约

当有三张小牌而考虑首引时首引哪张？通常这不是一个好的首引，可以考虑首引最大张(但和双张首攻分不清)，或者中间张 (但容易和长三混淆)，我和王牌常用中间张首引，但如果是支持过同伴的花色持三小，首引最大张误会较少。

后续张数信号： 也称剩余张数信号，按照打出这张牌时手中所持有的牌张数来发信号。余偶数张，先大后小，余奇数张先小后大等。

显示防守实力所在的花色信号： 在定约人所打的强花色上，防守人所跟的第一张牌通常用于指示同伴进手后应打回的花色或用于显示自已防守实力所在的花色。若跟出一张较大的牌，指示的是级别较高的花色，而跟出一张最小牌则指示级别较低的花色。

垫牌时的信号：

? 防守人在垫牌时通常从他最不感兴趣的花色中垫牌(否定垫牌法)。

? 垫掉一门花色中的一张较大的牌(通常是7、8、9一类的中级牌，偶而也用次级大牌)表示在余下两门花色中级别较高的花色中有实力，反之表示较低花色。

? 有时防守方的一人无防守实力(这点庄家并不知道)，他就只管打张数信号。 ? 同伴难以判断时，花色选择信号优先。

? 有时防守人需要从一个有多余实力的连张套中垫牌，那么可以不用否定垫牌法而是垫掉连张中的最大牌。

二．日常生活中有心得的一副牌 叫牌过程

W N E S pass pass 1D X pass 2C pass 2H 2NT pass pass pass

N: S:K Q 10 6 H:A Q 7 5 3 2 D:9 3 C:A W: S:A J 9 7 H:9 D:K Q J 7 6 C:K Q 3

S: S:8 5 4 H: J 8 D:A 8 5 2 C:10 8 6 5 E: S:3 2 H:K 10 6 4 D:10 4 C:J 9 7 4 2

S首攻S4，W跟S9，NS10大。换攻H小，庄家没办法只能放小（如上HK，在DA顶掉之前红心已开），SHJ大。续打S5，W跟S7，NSQ大。换D小，庄家D10，SDA大。续打S8，WSA大。庄家此时已失了4墩牌，而HA，SK，CA还漂在外面，虽然方块套已好，但只有5墩牌。送草花，NCA停住，兑现SK、HA，2NT宕2！ 三．翻译一篇英语桥牌作品 Splinter raises

The splinter bid is a useful addition to any pairs’ bidding arsenal. It is a specialized type of raise that sometimes allows a partnership to bid a game or slam that might otherwise be missed.

A splinter raise is an unusual jump that shows four-card or longer support for the last bid suit, game-going values and shortness (a singleton or void) in the suit in which the jump occurred. For example: Opener Responder 1H 4C

Responder shows at least four hearts, opening values (approximately; more on this later) and club shortness.

How can you tell which jumps are splinters? They’re usually defined as any new-suit response beyond a double jump. That means that after a 1H opening, 3S, 4C and 4D are all splinter raises, each showing a different singleton or void. After a 1S opening, 4C, 4D and 4H are all splinter bids.

Why are these bids useful? Let’s look at an example: Opener Responder

S A K 6 5 4 S Q 10 9 8 7 H K Q 6 H A 5 4 2 D 8 6 2 D 5

C A 6 C K Q J

After opener begins with 1S, responder bids 4D. From opener’s point of view, this

is good news. She knows that her partner has at most one diamond, making it safe to explore for slam. Why? Opener doesn’t have to worry about the three low diamonds in her hand.

Whether opener uses Blackwood or cuebids, 6S is easy to reach and almost certain to succeed. Notice that the partnership has a combined total of only 28 points, far less than the textbook 33 points suggested for bidding a small slam.

If responder had splintered in a different suit (hearts, for example) opener should take a more pessimistic view of things and settle for game only.

How strong does responder need to be to make a splinter bid? Partnerships may, of course, define them as they please, but many players have found that restricting responder to 13 to 15 points (which includes distribution) makes it easier for opener to know what to do. With a weaker hand, other types of raises are available to responder. The same is true for stronger hands.

Opener may make a splinter bid as well. Here’s an example: Opener Responder

S A J 6 5 S K Q 7 4 3 H 9 H 8 7 6 D K Q J 4 D 9 3 2 C A Q 10 2 C J 4

After 1D by opener, responder bids 1S. Opener then jumps to 4H, a splinter bid. What does it mean when opener uses this type of jump? It shows a fit for responder’s suit (at least four cards), an excellent hand (remember, responder could have a minimum hand, as in the example) and shortness in the bid suit.

Responder will retreat to 4S after the 4H splinter, but will be pleased when he sees the dummy. With only 22 combined HCP, the spade game is a virtual lock, and 11 tricks are possible if the club finesse works.

Note that if splinters weren’t being used on this deal, opener might have rebid 3S. Responder, with such a weak hand, would certainly have passed, and the good game would have been missed.

Can you use splinters after a 1C or a 1D opening? Yes, as long as you discuss this with partner. After a 1C opening, 3D, 3H and 3S would all be splinter bids. If opener starts with 1D, 3H, 3D and 4C would be splinters.

There are other applications for splinters in different auctions. Consider this: Opener Responder 1C 1H 2H 3S

Since the partnership has already agreed on hearts, should 3S be a natural bid? Many partnerships believe that it should not. Instead, they treat it as a splinter raise, showing game-forcing values and spade shortness.

Remember, you must discuss this treatment with partner. It’s important to specify the strength of splinter raises as well as whether they can be used in other constructive auctions such as the last example.

斯普林特加叫