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held with local authorities and the international community. The decision to continue with reprocessing—in which uranium and plutonium are extracted and recycled into new fuel bundles—puts to rest questions about the dispositionof Japan's growing stockpile of plutonium and spent fuel rods.

该计划还表示，铀浓缩和后处理将继续举行讨论，以得到地方当局和国际社会的认可。继续进行后处理的决定---提取铀和钚并将其回收到新的燃料束—余下是关于日本日益增长的钚处置问题和燃料棒消耗问题。 8 Tokyo's decision to spare the fuel-cycle program and move toward restarting more idled reactors is being viewed by some in the nuclear industry as a net positive, at least in the near term.

东京决定近期分享燃料循环计划并且重启闲置的反应堆。这个决定在核工业的一些人中被视为最权威的力量。

9 “Japan is not following the same path as Germany in terms of seeking an immediate reduction\in nuclear-power-generating capacity, said Armand Laferrère, president of the Japanese unit of France's Areva SA, which joined with Japan to build its reprocessing facilities.The decision on reprocessing lowers the potential Japan will have to rely solely on France or other nations to reprocess its spent fuel. It also could reduce a growing stockpile of plutonium that some say could be further processed and used in nuclear weapons.

法国阿海珐集团驻日本分公司总裁阿尔芒说“在寻找迅速减少核能发电的方法上，日本不会走跟德国一样的道路。”该公司进军日本是为了建立自己的后处理设施。关于后处理的决定，降低了潜能的日本，这些决定不得不完全依赖法国或其他国家后处理乏燃料。它也能可以减少钚的库存。这些库存钚可能被进一步处理，并用于核武器。

10 “This is very significant because it means the slightly frightful prospect of a Japan brimmingwith fuel rods and not knowing what to do with them can be avoided,\ère.

阿尔芒先生说：“这是非常重要的，因为它意味着一个可怕未来的日本：充满了燃料棒但却不知道如何处置它们。这种景象是可以避免的。”

11 The future of the government's plan is in some doubt, however, given that Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda's hold on power is tenuous, with parliament deadlocked amid fierce attacks by the opposition. Mr. Noda is expected to call general elections in November or early next year. 政府未来的计划还有一些疑问，不过，鉴于首相野田佳彦对权利的掌控是脆弱的，再加上议会因反对派激烈的攻击而陷入僵持状态。野田佳彦预计将呼吁于11月或明年年初举行大选。

12 Opinion polls show strong opposition to a renewed heavy reliance on nuclear power plants, over concern about their resiliency to natural disasters. Of those responding to a government survey on the issue, some 87% said they wanted to abandon nuclear power altogether, although broader polls show a more mixed picture, with around 30% to 40% wanting Japan to be nuclear-free and another 30% to 40% saying nuclear power should be kept to no more than 15% of the total energy mix.

民调显示，强烈反对再度过分依赖核电站的关注超过他们对抵御自然灾害的关注度。在这个问题上政府调查的反馈：大约87％的人说他们想完全放弃核电，但更广泛的民意调查显示，一个更复杂的局面，大约有30％至40％希望日本成为无核国，另外30％至40％的人说核电应保持在不超过15％的总能源结构。 13 “The government, the regulators, the operators all lost the confidence of the public,\Nuclear Regulatory Commissioner William Magwood at a recent Senate hearing in Washington. The main opposition Liberal Democratic Party—which was closely allied with the nuclear industry before losing power in 2009—hasn't said whether it would feel bound by an antinuclear pledge if

it regains control.

美国核管理委员会专员威廉.麦格木在近期华盛顿举行的议员听证会上说：“政府，监管机构，运营商都失去了公众的信任。”最大的在野党-自民党-自2009年失势前，一直支持核工业的发展-如果该党重新获得控制权，他们并没有表示是否觉得有必要进行反核承诺。

14 Analysts also point out that much can change over the nearly 30 years it would take to achieve the shutdown. Sweden agreed in a 1980 referendum to wind down nuclear energy over a 30-year period, only to reverse course in June 2010 as global warming became a more urgent concern. 分析师也指出近三十年的改变，它可能被关闭。根据1980年的公民投票，在未来30年间，瑞典政府同意放缓核能发展。仅仅是想扭转2010年6月因为全球变暖而成为一个更加迫切的关注焦点的局面。 15 The government hopes to switch to greater use of renewable energy. Renewables, mostlyhydroelectric power, account for around 10% of energy supply at present.

政府希望转变成更广泛使用可再生能源。可再生能源，主要是水利发电，目前约占10%的能源供应。 16 That leaves Japan increasingly dependent on imported fossil fuels, a risk that had been one of the driving factors in the decades long push to increase nuclear energy.

这使得日本越来越依赖于进口化石燃料，这一直是驱动因素之一，经过几十年的长推，增加了核能的危险。 17 Despite compromise language watering down the commitment to go nuclear-free, the plan received a largely negative reaction from industry leaders. The chairman of the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan, Kansai Electric Power Co.9503.TO inYour ValueYour Change Short position President Makoto Yagi, on Friday called the DPJ proposal \warned that costs for electricity could surge if nuclear energy is phased out. \hope the government cools down and makes realistic decisions.\

尽管折中的语言缓和了无核的承诺，但是这个计划还是受到来自大部分行业领导者的消极回应。日本电力公司联盟主席，关西电力公司总裁MALOTO Yagi 在上周五向民主党提议：“极为惊人”并且警告说，如果核能被淘汰，电力成本可能激增“我们希望政府冷静下来，并作出符合现实的决定。” —Mochizuki, Takashi, Wall Street Journal, September 15, 2012

Round Up the Guns! Or Don’t

枪支回收争议犹存

REST easy, gun-owners of Cherokee County, Georgia: your sheriff is on your side. Roger Garrison, who won election last year to a sixth term as Cherokee County's sheriff despite questionable taste in Halloween costumes, is \\County.\\through the use of executive orders, prevent law-abiding American citizens from possessing certain firearms and ammunition magazines.\

乔治亚州切罗基县的持枪者可以高枕无忧：你们的司法长官支持你们。尽管有人质疑罗杰.加里森的万圣节服装品味但是他还是当选了去年第六届切罗基县的司法长官。罗杰.加里森是第二修正案的坚定支持者，他发誓不执行任何法律或法规，以否定切罗基县公民的宪法权利。在一封信中，他指控总统、副总统和国会的很多成员利用无辜受害者的死试图通过法律、限制甚至使用行政命令，阻止守法的美国公民拥有武器和枪支弹药。甚至通过行政命令。

Mr Garrison is not alone: the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers' Association (CSPOA) boasts \

Georgia, says that she \which is quite a relief. That precisely nobody in Mr Obama's administration—or indeed anyone outside the perfervid and overworked imaginations of the paranoid fringe right—has proposed doing such a thing seems to have passed unnoticed. In that vein, I wonder what the Gilmer County's sheriff's positions are on making Ashanti America's official language, or selling unicorn steaks without a permit.

无独有偶：宪法司法长官和和平警察协会夸耀说“越来越多的行政长官对奥巴马枪支管制说不”。吉尔默县的行政长官格鲁吉亚说她“将不会是挨家挨户收缴武器的那类人”这是一件轻松的事情。在奥巴马执政时期，确切的说没人或者实际上是除了十分热情而接近类似偏执狂边缘的过度想象力的之外的人，已经打算做这件事似乎已经被忽略了。本着这种精神，我怀疑吉尔默县的治安官的职位可以将阿散蒂语变成美国的官方语言或者无许可售卖独角兽肉排。

It may dismay Mr Garrison, but issuing executive orders is not an impeachable offense. Presidents do it all the time. And it may surprise Mr Garrison, but the executive orders Mr Obama has issued are in fact rather anodyne. They do not ban or attempt to ban any guns, accessories or magazines of any kind; in fact, by providing more money for \assigned to schools), they may well increase the number of regularly-armed Americans.

这可能让加里森先生沮丧了，但是发布的行政命令不构成弹劾的行为。总统一直都在这样做。这可能让加里森先生吃惊了，但是奥巴马先生行政命令的发布已成事实而不是止痛而已。他们没有禁止或者尝试禁止任何枪支、配件或任何相关弹药库；事实上政府为“学校资源警官”提供了更多的资金（武装警察进驻学校），他们可能更好的提高常规武装的美国的数量。

Now, Mr Obama also has among his legislative goals a strengthened assault-weapons ban, as well as bans on armour-piercing bullets and magazines that hold more than ten bullets, but those will have to pass Congress, just like any other law. It may both surprise and dismay Mr Garrison that in fact nothing Mr Obama has proposed runs afoul of the constitution. In 2008 the Supreme Court held in District of Columbia v Heller that the second amendment allows private gun-ownership, and that total bans on handguns, like the one at issue in Heller, are therefore unconstitutional. But the court also held that \not a right to keep and carry any weapon whatsoever in any manner whatsoever and for whatever purpose\

现在，奥巴马在他的立法目标也有一个加强突击武器的禁令，以及对穿甲子弹和容纳超过10发子弹弹仓的禁令，但这些禁令必须通过国会，就像任何其他的法律。这可能会让加里森先生沮丧和吃惊，但事实是奥巴马先生的建议没有与宪法相违背。2008年最高法院裁决了哥伦比亚特区诉海勒案。在这一案的判决中，以宪法第二条修正案为据，宣称个人有权在家中拥有强制武器，并称绝对禁止枪支像海勒案中的问题，是不符合美国宪法规定的。但是法庭也支持“第二条修正案的权利是有限制的。法案规定不管以何种方式和因为何种目的都没有权利存有和持有武器。”顺便说一句，这是由安东宁.斯卡利亚所指定的条文。 Mr Garrison and his ilk among CSOPA seem gripped by two common fallacies. The first is the belief that county sheriffs can violate federal laws that they happen to disagree with, and can deny federal officers the right to enforce federal law in their counties. This is simply hogwash. It is true that as a local law officer Mr Garrison will not be required to enforce federal laws, but neither can he violate them just because he happens to believe they are unconstitutional. As for keeping federal officers out, well, the South has tried that a couple of times before. It did not end well. 在CSOPADE 的加里森先生和他的同类似乎被二个常识性的错误所吸引。首先是他们相信当联保法律与他们本身发生冲突时，城市的执行长官们可以违反联邦法律，而在他们的城市中他们能够否定联邦官员执行联邦法律的权利。这简直是一派胡言。事实上是，作为一位当地的执法官员加里森先生不会被要求强制执

行联邦法律，但是他也不能因为他碰巧认为他们是违宪而违背联邦法律。至于扣留联邦官员，南方城市曾经也尝试过多次，但是都是以失败而告终的。

The second is a misguided notion that the second amendment is the best and surest constitutional protection against tyranny. As Conor Friedersdorf sagely noted, the Bill of Rights offers much more effective and less costly checks on government power. There is the fourth amendment, which protects against unreasonable search andseizure; the fifth amendment, which guarantees due process; the sixth amendment, which establishes fair trials; and so on. When these rights were hollowed out during the war on terror—by acts of Congress, the courts and even through executive orders—where was the outrage from those who see tyranny in every gun law?

第二个误导的观点是第二条修正案是反对暴政的最好最可靠的宪法保护。美国记者Conor friedersdorf贤明的支出，《权利法案》提出了更加有效而低成本的方法来制约政府的权利。第四修正案：不受无理搜查和扣留的权利。第五修正案：保障正当程序；第六修正案建立公开的审判；等等。当这些权利在反恐战争中被国会、法院的行为，甚至总统行政令架空的时候，那些在一切控枪法律中看到暴政的人，怎么就不见他们义愤填膺呢？

The second amendment has a lizard-brain appeal: it is sexier to imagine yourself a lone soldier for justice defending your loved ones against an oppressive, tyrannical government than it is to imagine yourself protesting warrantless wiretapping. Mr Garrison approvingly cites a letter written by another sheriff, which states: \criminals, no matter how heinous the crimes, to prompt politicians to enact laws that will infringe upon the liberties of responsible citizens who have broken no laws.%unobjectionable. I wonder if he had the same response to the Patriot Act.

美国宪法第二条修正案具有独特的性魅力：比起抗议非法窃听，想象自己是一名孤独而正义的战士，为了保护所爱的人免受残暴政府的压迫去战斗，显然要更性感。加里森先生十分满意地引用了一封另一位县行政司法长官的信，信中写道：我们绝不允许和容忍罪犯的行为——不管他们的罪行多么地令人发指——促使政客们通过一些法律来侵犯守法负责公民的自由。多么激动人心的话语呀，并且完全没有异议。我怀疑他是否对《美国爱国者法案》有相同的反应呢？

Obama’s 23 Executive Actions on Gun Violence

1. Issue a Presidential Memorandum to require federal agencies to make relevant data available to the federal background check system.

2. Address unnecessary legal barriers, particularly relating to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, that may prevent states from making information available to the background check system.

3. Improve incentives for states to share information with the background check system.

4. Direct the Attorney General to review categories of individuals prohibited from having a gun to make sure dangerous people are not slipping through the cracks.

5. Propose rulemaking to give law enforcement the ability to run a full background check on an individual before returning a seized gun.

6. Publish a letter from ATF to federally licensed gun dealers providing guidance on how to run background checks for private sellers.

7. Launch a national safe and responsible gun ownership campaign.

8. Review safety standards for gun locks and gun safes (Consumer Product Safety Commission). 9. Issue a Presidential Memorandum to require federal law enforcement to trace guns recovered