人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习

时态 一般现在时 一．动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾-s时要注意： 情况 加法 例词 一般情况 加-s reads, writes, says 以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的加-es teaches, washes, guesses, 词 fixes, goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变y为i再加-es try－tries 词 carry－carries 二．一般现在时表示: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple. （4）表示客观、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six. 三 句型 1. 肯定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时（I, you, we, they, the boys），主语+动词原形+宾语。 They go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily)，主语+动词s/es+宾语。 Lily often likes singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语。 I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is… 2.否定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，主语+don’t+动词原形。 They don’t go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时，主语+doesn’t +动词原形。 Lily doesn’t like singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are后加not+表语 I am not a worker. 3. 一般疑问句结构: （1）行为动词 a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时， Do+they/we/you+动词原形 Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they don’t.） b.主语为第三人称单数时， Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形 Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.) （2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语 Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.) 4.特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？ （1）行为动词

What do they do every day?

How often does Peter go fishing? （2) 系动词(be):

Who is the girl at that gate?

一般过去时

一．动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。 构成规则 原形 过去式 一般在动词末尾加-ed work worked plant planted play played 结尾是e的动词在末尾加like liked -d live lived change changed 末尾只有一个辅音字母的plan（计划） planned 重读闭音节词，先双写这stop stopped 个辅音字母，再加-ed drop dropped 以辅音字母加y结尾的，carry carried 先变y为i再加-ed study studied cry cried 二．一般过去时表示: （1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用，如What did you have for breakfast this morning? （2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用，如Last term we often did experiments.

三．句型

1. 肯定句结构:

(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式

The twins went to school two hours ago.

(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were… I was at home last night. 2.否定句结构:

(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形

The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago. (2)系动词(be): 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。 I wasn’t at home last night. 3. 一般疑问句结构:

(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?

Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.) (2)系动词(be): was/were+主语+表语…? Were you at home last night?

(Yes, I was. No, I was’t.) 4.特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？ ★频度副词：通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时，频率副词常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

1.常见的频度副词有：always（总是，一直）、usually（通常）、often（常常，经常）、sometimes（有时候）、never（从不）、hardly ever(几乎从不)、every day(每天)。

2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。

David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。

Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3. every day 与 everyday

a. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。

b. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日

常英语。

What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？

★ 练习

1. How often _____ your father _____(drink) wine? 2. His mother _____ (come) to see him once a week. 3. Her sister _____ (not stay) at home on Sundays. 4. Where _____ (be) you last night?

5. She exercises every day. (划线部分提问) ______ ______ _______she ________?

6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改为否定句) Jim ______ ______ his homework after school.

7. He never goes fishing, _____ ______?(完成反意疑问句) 8. He （go）______to the park every day.

9. ______ Lucy and Lily （like）______China? 10. Li Lei（not like）______ to drink orange soda.

11. ______Li Ming’s father （have）______ his lunch at home? 12. Everybody （have）______ a chance to win.

13.______you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. 14.Did Tom _______ home at five yesterday? No, he _______. He came home at six.

15.What _______ you _______ at the store? I bought a camera. 16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _______.

17. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house. 18.When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking.

19.Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday.

20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more ____ English ____.

A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;

现在进行时

一．动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are＋动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下：

（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。 stay－staying do－doing listen－listening suffer－suffering work－working spend－spending look－looking

（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。 make－making take－taking give－giving ride－riding please－pleasing refuse－refusing close－closing operate－operating

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。 put－putting sit－sitting run－running win－winning begin－beginning 二．现在进行时表示： （1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。

What are you reading now?

Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.

（2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。

When are you leaving?