高考英语特殊句式

英语特殊句式

一、感叹句 （一）定义：

由How, what 引导的，表达赞美，惊讶等感情的句子. （二）句型：

1. 由what引导的感叹句：

基本结构：what+a/an+adj+n+主语+谓语 What a nice girl she is!

what beautiful flowers they are! what wonderful sunshine it is! 2. 由how引导的 基本结构：

1. How +adj/adv+主语+谓语 How fast he runs. How hard they work!

2. How +adj+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语 How new an office it is!

How useful a subject we are learning! 感叹句解题方法:

1.凡是形容词直接加名词的，一般用what. 2.凡是a/an在形容词之前的，多用what。 3. 其他的一般用how. 题组训练：

1.—— clever the girl is! ——So she is.

A How B What C What a

2.——a politics teacher died in order to save his four students in the earthquake in Wenchuan.

—— teacher he is!

A How excellent B What an excellent C What a excellent 3. terrible weather we had last Sunday! A What B What a C Such D How 4. a nice hat it is!

A How B What a C What

5. information he offered us! We all thank him.

A What useful B What useless C How useful D How useless

二、倒装句：完全倒装和部分倒装

（一）完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子。这种句型主要有两种： 注：表示方位，时间的副词或介词短语，如here，there，up, down, in, away, off, out, then, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，且主语是名词时。 E.g In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。

South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型的工厂坐落在这条河的南岸。 In she came<主语是代词，不倒装> 题组训练：

（2009福建高考，25）For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together.

A.voices had come B.came voice C.voices would come D.did voices come

（二）部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前。主要有以下几种：

1、only修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 E.g Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

注：<1>only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句要部分倒装 E.g Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

<2>only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装 e.g Only can he answer the question. 题组训练：

Only when he reached the teahouse <他才意识到>it was the same place he'd been in last year.

Only you <能解决这个问题>。

2、否定副词never，nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表达否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。

E.g Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.

Not a single mistake did he make.=He didn't make a single mistake. 他一个错误都没犯。

Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. =I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。 题组训练：

（2011福建高考，29）1.---It is nice. Never before such a special drink! ---I'm glad you like it.

A. I have had B. I had C.have I had D.had I

2. We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work. A.we think B.think we C.we do think D.do we think 3、六个重要的固定句型：

（1）...so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“……也是如此” E.g They love having lots of friends; so do I.

注：“...so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”和“...so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”的区别 E.g It is hot, so it is. He is lazy, so is she.

（2）...neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 意为“……也不这样” E.g Lily can't ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.

（3）So+adj/adv...that... 意为“如此……以至于……”<在这个句型中，so后面的句子要倒装，that引导的句子不倒装>

So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. （4）neither..., nor... 意为“……不……，……也不……”

E.g Neither do I know it ,nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。 由于neither， nor都是否定词，所以他们后面的分词均用倒装 （5）Not only..., but also..., 意为“不仅……而且……”

Not only 引导的句子用倒装，但是but also 引导的句子必须用正常语序。

E.g Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who needed it. 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。

题组训练：

1、So sudden that the enemy had no time to escape.

A.did the attack B.the attack did C.was the attack D.the attack was 2、Not until I came back home last night to bed.

A.Mum did go B.did Mum go C.went Mum D.Mum went 3、 that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 5、—It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?

—Yes. _________ yesterday.

A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it

三、反义疑问句

（一）定义：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出质疑的句子。 （二）特点：1.反义疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。 2.前肯后否，前否后肯。

3.此问句可用yes 或no来回答。

4.反义疑问句部分的主语要用代词，并与前句主语一致，谓语动词在人称，数和时态

上与前句保持一致。

注:反义疑问句的重点就是反义疑问句的主语和谓语这两部分，以及考查反义疑问句的回答。

（三）反义疑问句主语和谓语的确定

反义疑问句的主语和谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据，尤其要注意一些特殊的情况，同时，简略问句部分的主语一般用人称代词，动词若为否定形式则一般用缩略形式。

（1）陈述部分含有never, few, little nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none, too...to...等表示否定意义的词时，其反义疑问句应用肯定形式。如：

There are few people in the room, are there? 房间里几乎没人，是吗？ （2）当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意部分用be there E.g There is a tree in front of the building, isn't there? 大楼前面有一棵树，是吗？ （3）当陈述部分的主语是指事（物）的不定代词something，anything，everything时，反义疑问句的主语应该用it

E.g Something is wrong with your computer, isn't? 你的电脑出毛病了，是吗？

（4）当陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词somebody，anybody，everybody等时，反义疑问句的主语用he或they，不可用it

E.g Somebody wants to see you, doesn't he? 有人要见你，是吗？ （5）当陈述部分的主语为this，that时，反义疑问句的主语用it,相应地，these和those用they。

E.g This is a beautiful picture, isn't it? 这是一幅美丽的图画，是吗？ Those aren't apple trees, are they? 那些不是苹果树， 是吗？ （6）当陈述部分动词为have/has时有下列几种情况： ?have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意，反义疑问句的谓语可用have，也可用助动词do。

E.g Tom has a new watch, hasn't he?/doesn't he?

?have to 表示“不得不，必须”时，反义疑问句的谓语动词用助动词do E.g Kate has to help her mother at home, doesn't her?

?have 表示“吃，喝，玩，度过”时，其反义疑问句的谓语动词用助动词do E.g They had a good time in Beijing, didn't they? ④had better 的反义疑问句，谓语动词用had。

E.g We'd better stop talking, hadn't we? 我们最好停止说话，好吗？ ⑤have用在完成时中，其反义疑问句的谓语用have E.g Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasn't she?

（7）当陈述部分含有need时，如果need作为行为动词，则反义疑问句的谓语用do，如果need作为情态动词，则谓语动词用need E.g We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00, don't we? We needn't leave at once, need we?

（8）当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有下列几种情况： ?must表“必须”，反义疑问句的谓语用needn't E.g They must come on time, needn't they?

?must 表示推测，“一定，想必”，反意疑问句的谓语应根据must后面的动词 E.g That man must be Mr. Wang, isn't he ?

（9）当陈述部分为I am的形式时，反义疑问句部分应该用aren't I? E.g I am right, aren't I?

（10）肯定的祈使句的反义疑问句可以用will you或won't you,否定的祈使句的反义疑问句用will you .

E.g Listen to me carefully, will/won't you? Don't play with fire, will you? （11）以let's 开头的祈使句，反义疑问句用shall we; 以let us开头的用will you E.g Let's go to the park, shall we? Let us help you, will you?

（12）当陈述部分若为主从复合句时，反义疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致

E.g She said he would come tomorrow, didn't she?

注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we, 其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等，反义疑问句部分的主语和谓语要和从句一致（特别注意否定转移）

e.g I think he is a good student, isn't he? We don't think you are right, are you?

（13）陈述部分含有used to的反义疑问句，用usedn’t或didn’t均可。 You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn’t/didn’t you （14）陈述部分含有ought to的用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t /shouldn’t he? （四）反义疑问句的回答

对反义疑问句作回答时，如果答案是肯定的，则用yes, 后面跟肯定形式的缩略形式；如果答案是否定的则用no，后跟否定形式的缩略形式。即回答方式与一般疑问句的回答方式一样。

特别注意有时要根据具体的语境来确定应用肯定形式还是用否定形式来回答。 E.g --Lucy skates very well, doesn't her? ---yes, she does. 是的，她滑得很好。 ---They don't like the house, do they? ---No, they don't. 是的，他们不喜欢。 题组训练：

1. ─Let’s go and play football, ____? ─That’s wonderful.

A. will you B. do you C. won’t you D. shall we 2. I told you not to be late again, John, _____I ?

A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t

3. Tome has never been to the Great Wall, ____?

A. hasn’t he B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does he 4. Kate’s never late for school, ____she?

A. isn’t B is C. hasn’t D. has 5. There is little water in the bottle, ____?

A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. is it