2017高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略题型组合练4 Word版含解析

题型组合练(四)

Ⅰ.阅读理解——科普知识 (2016·深圳二模)

Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperature(核心体温) in cold winters and warm summers.In addition，people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity(湿度)．

In very cold climates，there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia(低体温)，which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels.The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C.However，differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals.It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people.Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C.Below 29.4°C，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death.However，there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9－15.6°C.This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes.She was found unconscious，not breathing，and her heart had stopped beating，yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.

In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections，core body temperature can rise to equally dangerous levels.This is hypothermia.Life threatening hypothermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6－41.7°C.Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统，可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。

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1．Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons? A. Because their bodies are unusually efficient. B．Because they experience different climates.

C．Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies. D．Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.

D [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在不同季节人类能够保持稳定的核心体温是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。故选D。]

2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A. The dangerous effects of hypothermia. B．The change of body temperature. C．The survival of the Swedish woman.

D．The regulating systems of natural temperature.

A [段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，第二段主要讲述了低体温会造成的危害。故选A。]

3.People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature ________． A．higher than 34.4°C B．lower than 29.4°C C．between 40.6－41.7°C D．between 34.4－37°C

B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Below 29.4℃，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death.”可推知，低于29.4°C时，人体不能保持核心体温，因此无法生存。故选B。]

4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Surviving in an ice trap B．Getting to know hypothermia C．Adapting to climate extremes D．Changing core body temperature

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C [标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity(温度)”以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述了人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。故C项“适应极端气候”概括了文章大意，适合做文章标题。故选C。]

Ⅲ.任务型阅读——说明文 (2016·南京盐城一模)

Glad to be grey

The recession(经济衰退)of 2008－09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity，the subsequent recovery for its weakness.The labour market has also broken the rules，as new research from the OECD，shows in its annual Employment Outlook.

Young people always suffer in recessions.Employers stop hiring them；and they often get rid of new employees because they are easier to sack.But in previous periods，such as the recessions of the 1970s，1980s and 1990s，older workers were also dismissed.This time is different.During the financial crisis in 2008，and since，they have done better than other age groups.

The researchers focus on movements in“non－employment”as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012.This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment，where people are looking for work，but also inactivity，where people are not seeking jobs.Whereas the average non－employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one and a half points among 25 to 54－year－olds，it has fallen by two points among the 55－64 age group.

Why have older employees done so well？In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers，but that did not really help them in past recessions.What has changed，says Stefano Scarpetta，head of the OECD's employment directorate，is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff.In the past early－retirement schemes provided by governments(in the mistaken belief that these would help young people)made it cheaper to push grey－haired workers out of the door.These have largely stopped.

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Job losses among older workers have also been balanced by falls in inactivity，reflecting employment pressure that were already apparent before the crisis.Older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less physically demanding.They are also more attractive to employers than former generations.

Today's 55 to 64－year－olds are the advance group of the post－war baby－boomers who benefited from better education than their predecessors.Older workers now have a stronger motivation to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on wealth.

Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young.That view is wrongheaded.First，it is a mistaken belief that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another；there is no fixed“lump of labour”．And second，as the report shows，young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace.They do different types of work in different types of occupation：younger people are attracted to IT firms，for example，whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries.There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless，but shunting older workers out of the workplace is not one of them. Passage outline The result of the research from the OECD Supporting details Since the 2008－09 recession，the labour market has witnessed a new change，where older workers have an 1.________over young people in employment. ·Some countries 3.________job protection for older employees，which young people can't enjoy.If an old employee is fired，he will be 4.________for the loss by the company. ·Due to the obvious forces before the crisis，older employees are 2.________for being glad to be grey more 5.________in seeking for jobs. ·They are in better 6.______and work requires less from their physical strength as well. ·Better 7.________than their predecessors becomes one of their strengths. ·Older workers are now highly 8.________to have a paid job by the impact of the crisis on wealth. 4