上海市十三校2011届高三12月联考(英语)

phrased, sentences and paragraphs. 55 however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 56 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 9 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 57 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 58 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 59 the reader finds comfortable, in order to“stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 60 word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first 61 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 62 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill greatly improved after some training. 63 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 64 a lot more reading material in a short period of time. 50．A．applying B．doing C．offering D．getting 51．A．good B．eager C．poor D．urgent 52．A．training B．habits C．situations D．custom 53．A．lies B．combines C．touches D．involves 54．A．some B．a lot C．little D．dull 55．A．Fortunately B．In fact C．Logically D．Unfortunately 56．A．reuse B．reread C．rewrite D．recite 57．A．scales B．cuts C．slows D．measures 58．A．accelerator B．actor C．applicator D．observer 59．A．then B．as C．beyond D．than 60．A．enabling B．leading C．making D．indicating 61．A．meaning B．comprehension C．content D．regression 62．A．but B．nor C．or D．for 63．A．Look at B．Take C．Make D．Consider 64．A．master B．go over C．present D．get through Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

After numerous false starts and broken promises, and nearly 184m gallons of crude oil gushed into the ecologically rich waters of the Gulf of Mexico, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was at last brought under control on July 16. So far, both the long – term effects of the oil spill have been studied comprehensively.

According to the report by Friends of the Earth US, in the 85 days of the leak, 1,387 birds, 444 sea turtles, and 53 mammals were found dead in the Gulf. Nonetheless, the damage yet to be revealed will be far worse than a few dead birds and tar balls along 500 miles of coast. Dolphins, whale sharks and sea turtles numbers will almost certainly have been hit hard, and some populations may not ecover for years. Fish and shrimp – breeding habitats will have been hit. Deep

coral ceefs, which can take centuries to grow, may also have been affected.

The oil that gushed also added to natural oil and gas leaks into Gulf waters. These occur all the time from the sea bed, and the US Department of Energy estimates that there may be 5,000 active “seeps” in the northern Gulf alone. One researcher calculated in 2000 that 500,000 barrels of oil-84m gallons-naturally gets into the Gulf each year, but is never cleaned up.

The Gulf is also heavily polluted by nitrogen（氮）and phosphorus（磷）from fertilisers and livestock waste washed down the vast Mississippi river from farms and industry. Every year, a massive oxygen-starved region known as the \zone\develops off the coast of Louisiana in which nothing can live. Last month, the US government’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said it expected this year’s \miles, the 10th largest ever. No one knows yet how the oil spill may affect it.

Fish will have suffered, but paradoxically the US government’s decision to ban commercial fishing from 88,000 sq miles of the Gulf during the clean-up in order to safeguard human health could actually help regenerate depleted fish stocks. The Gulf is one of the most overfished seas in the world, with many species in serious decline and some fisheries near collapse.

One wild card yet to be played is a major hurricane tearing through the Gulf of Mexico, Rough seas will hamper (防碍)efforts to finally seal the well and clean up the oil. The associated storm surges could also drive oil over barriers and further onto coastal land and into sensitive habitats. But the raging （狂暴的）of a storm could also break up the oil slick（浮油）, allowing the bacteria that break it down to act more rapidly.

65．Fish and shrimp-breeding habitats will have been hit. Deep coral reefs, which can take centuries to grow, may also have been affected. The word habitats means . A．places under water B．natural homes of plants and animals C．some animals’ habits D．special places of interest 66．Nonetheless, the damage yet to be revealed will be far worse than a few dead birds and tar balls along 500 miles of coast. The underlined words refer to . A．that will be revealed later B．that has already been revealed C．that needs revealing D．that is been showing

67．The incident of natural oil and gas leaks into the Gulf of Mexico mainly involves the interests

of .

B．Mexico

D．the U. S. and Britain B

Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses， buy things in shops， or eat in restaurants， we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions， receive news or comment， and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.

Face to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things，above others，have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances imprinting，telecommunications photography， radio and television. Secondly， speed has revolutionized the transmission （传输）and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news，

A．the U. S. C．Britain

which itself is often almost eclipsed by international news.

No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate， but today there are public libraries. For years ago people used to flock to the cinema， but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that is being channeled into millions of homes.

Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modem communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information，education and entertainment. The printing， broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing，educating and entertaining. Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is part，the vast modem network of communications is open to abuse（滥用）. However，the mass media are with us for better， for worse， and there is no turning back.

68．In the first paragraph the writer emphasizes the of face-to-face contact in social

setting. A．nature B．limitation C．creativity D．usefulness 69．It is implied in the passage that . A．local news used to be the only source of information B．local news still takes a significant place C．national news is becoming more popular D．international news is the fastest transmitted news 70．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．To possess information used to be a privilege. B．Public libraries have replaced private libraries. C．Communication means more than transmission. D．In formation influences ways of life and thinking.

71．From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer is . A．indifferent to the harmful influence of the mass media B．happy about the flexible changes in the mass media C．pessimistic about the future of the mass media D．concerned about the wrong use of the mass media

C

Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate”. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.

In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.

The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.

The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.

“As our tests became more complex,” sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins” He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”

72．What is the purpose of Spilich’s experiment? A．To test if smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers. B．To see whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory. C．To prove that smoking affects people’s regular performance. D．To show how smoking damages people’s regular performance. 73．The underlined word “bested” mostly means . A．beat B．envied C．caught up with D．made the best of 74．Which of the following statements is true? A．Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers. B．Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects. C．Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks. D．Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks. 75．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Smokers should not expect to become airline pilots.

B．Smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness. C．No airline pilots smoke during flights.

D．Smokers may prove unequal to non-smokers in handling emergency cases. Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A．Hollywood-a Place Associated with Film and TV B．Famous Film Factories in Hollywood

C．Other Entertainment Businesses in Hollywood D．Hollywood, where Actors Begin Their Dreams E．Major Films Produced in Hollywood

F．How the American Movie Industry Was Born 76.

The words film and television are the first to be associated with the place Hollywood. A district in Lost Angeles in the western United States, Hollywood pretty much shows what the American film and television industry is all about. The many functions that are required to make a film product can all happen in this one location. This includes filming in studios, film editing, post-production and even casting of actors. 77. Hollywood is every actor’s dream. It has given fame and fortune to many names and faces for