英语考试参考（汇总）

词组

1、 The creation and distribution of wealth 财富的创造与分配 2、 Monetary economics 货币经济学 3、 Labor economics 劳动经济学 4、 Industrial economics 产业经济学 5、 Mortgage payments 偿付贷款 6、 Scare resources 稀缺资源 7、 Labor-intensive 劳动密集型 8、 Capital-intensive 资本密集型 9、 Microeconomics 微观经济学 10、Macroeconomics 宏观经济学 11、Wage rates 报酬率 12、Profit margins 利润率 13、Aggregate demand 积累总需求 14、Budget deficit 预算赤字

15、Prosperity and depression 繁荣与萧条 16、Market equilibrium 市场均衡

17、Balance of payments 贸易支付差额 Balance of payments 收支平衡 18、Money supply 货币供给 19、Inflation 通货膨胀

20、The rate of inflation 通货膨胀率 21、Labor force 劳动力 22、Final demand 最终需求 23、Factors of production 生产要素

24、GNP=Gross National Product 国民生产总值 25、GDP=Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值 26、Personal expenditure 个人消费 27、Government spending 政府支出 28、Opportunity cost 机会成本

29、Transaction cost 交易成本 30、Overhead cost 管理费用/间接成本 31、Marginal revenue 边际收益 32、Marginal cost边际成本 33、International trade 国际贸易

34、Specialization in production 专业化生产 35、Potential market 潜在市场 36、Mercantilism 重商主义 37、Absolute advantage 绝对优势 38、Comparative advantage 比较优势 39、Domestic employment 国内就业 40、Domestic firms 国内企业 41、World output 世界产出 42、Trade reform 贸易改革 43、Trade liberalization 贸易自由化 44、Human capital 人力资本

45、Macroeconomic instability 宏观经济不稳定 46、Free trade 自由贸易

47、Purse a “laissz faire” policy 实施放任的贸易政策 48、Restrictive regulations 限制性规定 49、National autarky 国家的自给自足 50、Cross-border trade 跨国贸易 51、Closed economies 封闭的经济 52、Trade restrictions 贸易限制 53、Infant industries 幼稚产业 54、Start-up costs 创业成本 55、A net loss 净亏损 56、Anti-dumping 反倾销

57、Non-tariff measures 非关税措施 58、Telecommunications services 电信服务

59、Tariff-free trade 免税贸易

60、Information technology products 信息技术产品 61、WTO=World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织

62、GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 63、IMF=International Monetary Foundation国际货币基金组织 64、The World Bank 世界银行 65、Foreign exchange rate 汇率 66、Direct quotation method 直接标价法 67、Home/Foreign currency 本币/外币 68、Local currencies 地方货币 69、Electronic rate board 电子汇率牌 70、Spot/forward exchange rate 即期/远期汇率 71、“on the spot”trade 现场交易 72、Appreciate/depreciate 增值/贬值 73、At a discout/at a premium 贴税/升税 74、Foreign exchange risk 外汇风险 75、Cash flow 现金流

76、Currency movements 货币流动 77、Transaction exposure 交易风险

78、Accounting/translation exposure 会计风险/折算风险 79、Economic exposure 经济风险 80、Assets and liabilities 资产与负债 81、Consolidated accounts 合并资产负债表 82、Foreign exchange market 外汇市场 83、demand and supply 供求关系

二、填空

1、微观经济学的三要素：supply,demand,market equilibrium 2、两种外汇汇率：spot rate,forward rate

3、国际贸易的两种争议：free trade,protectionism

4、三种交易风险:transaction expousure,translation expousure,economic expousure 5、三种外汇报价法：direct quotation,indirect quotation,US dollar quotation 6、外汇市场的两种职能：currency conversion,insuring against foreign sisk

7、对外直接投资的两种类型：horizontal,vertical

段落填空：

1、 International trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods

can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs. International trade enables a nation to specialize in those goods it can produce most cheaply and effciently. Trade also enables a country to consume more than it would be able to produce if it depended only on its own resources. Finally, trade enlarges the potential market for the goods of a particular economy. Trade has always been the major force behind the economic relations among nations.

国际贸易是各个国家间商品与服务的交换。商品可以定义为产品、或在生产最终产品过程中的间接商品，以及农产品和再加工过的食品。国际贸易促使一个国家关注这些投入产出比更高的商品。国际贸易还可以促使一个国家消耗比依靠它自身资源所生成的更多的产品。最后，国际贸易还还可扩大某种商品在特定经济条件下的潜在市场。在国家间的经济关系的背景下，国际贸易往往是最强有力的经济活动。

2、 Besides this fundamental advantage, further economic benefits result when

countries trade with one anther. International trade leads to more efficient and increased world production, thus allowing countries(and individuals) to consume a larger and more diverse bundle of goods. A nation possessing limited natural resources is able to produce and consume more than it otherwise could. As noted earlier,the establishment of international trade expands the number of potential markets in which a country can sell its goods. The increased international demand for goods translates into greater production and more extensive use of raw materials and labor,, which in turn leads to growth in domestic employment. Competition from international trade can also force domestic firms to become more efficient through modernization and innovation. 除了基本的优点之外，国家间的贸易还会带来更长远的经济利益。国际贸易会促使世界产品体系更加有效和完善，进而就允许多个国家（或者是个体）消费大量多样化的商品。拥有有限自然资源的国家能够生产或消费它能力之外的商品。据最早史料记载，国际贸易市场的建立扩大了一个国家可以销售其商品的潜在市场。对商品呈增长态势的国际需求逐渐转变成更大的产量，以及大量原材料和劳动力的使用，这也间接的阴气地区内雇佣关系的增加。国际贸易引起的竞争也可以促使国内的公司在现代化的变革中变的更加高效。

3、 There is the premier controversy in international trade: whether to follow a

policy of free trade or s elected protectionism. 在国际贸易中首要的争议是：是否遵循自由贸易政策还是选择贸易保护主义。

4、 There are two kinds of exchange rates:spot exchange rates and forward exchange

rates.有2种汇率：即期汇率和远期汇率。

5. The two most prominent forms of restriction on international trade are tariff（taxes on imports）and imports quotas （restrictions on the number of imports of a particular products）.Tariffs raise the domestic price of a product by taxing imported goods. Domestic producers benefit， but domestic consumers lose more than the producers gain. The effects of other trade restriction are similar. Trade restrictions may also provoke foreign retaliation in the form of higher foreign tariffs on domestic exports.