2013年高考英语试题全解析 - 上海卷

76.

The use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the western world.

People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. However, there is concern that people are consuming worryingly high doses of these supplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of them. This EU directive should be supported. 77.

Research suggests that people who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a day are more

likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people?s health. A spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source. 78.

Science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people

would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn?t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would help prevent this nightmare of pills replacing food becoming a reality. 79.

Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of

painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in the country. People do not need all these pills. 80.

Some might argue that the EU directive denies people?s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many

legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual?s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.

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Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use

of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.

They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in

the category of fear was there an increase in usage.

“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be

explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio,

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drama—had more emotional content than books.”

Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal

PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.

During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before

the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.

“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan

English life that increased demand for writing ?filled with romance and sex?… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”

(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

81. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except _______________.

82. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that _______________.

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83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?

84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that _______________.

第Ⅱ卷

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy)

【答案】 We enjoyed ourselves very much on this New Year's Day.

【解析】本题考查固定短语。玩得很开心，常用“enjoy oneself very much”来表达；同时，注意元旦的

表达方式为New Year's Day。

2. 舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)

【答案】My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me on my eighteenth birthday yesterday.

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