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新概念英语 第二册 第25课 部分单词的注释
railway n. 铁路 railroad,铁路(美语) wonder n. 奇观。seven wonders 七大奇迹,It's a railway/railroad station:火车站。 wonder. 这是个奇观。 wonderful adj. 极好的。 several quantifier 几个 wonder at sth. 对……感到奇怪。例如I wonder at 与some(一些)有些相似。some既可以修饰可数this. 我对此感到奇怪。 名词,又可以修饰不可数名词;several只能修饰可wonder:want to know,想要知道。 数名词。 wonder后面可以跟if引导的宾语从句,也可以跟特several = a number of(一些,几个)。a great number 殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,相当于间接引语。 of:大量的。 I wonder if you have any spare time. 我想知道你是several times:许多次; 否有空。 some time:一段时间,例如some time ago,一段时I wonder what time it is. 我想知道现在几点。 间以前; 所有的从句都用陈述句的语序:主语在动词前面。 sometime:某时,例如I will defeat you sometime. 我I wonder why you are late. 我想知道你为什么迟到。 总有一天击败你。 I wondered where he went. 我想知道他去了哪里。 sometimes:有时,偶尔; I wonder how many friends you have. 我想知道你有some times:相当于several times。 多少朋友。 no wonder:难怪。 wonder v. 感到奇怪
部分课文的注释
Do the English speak English? (标题)英国人讲的是英语吗?
English在这里均为名词,但意义不同。第一个指“英国人”,为总称,后面的动词必须用复数;第二个指“英语”。指语言时前面不加冠词,指人则要加the:
The English often talk about the weather. 英国人经常谈论天气。 Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗?
English还可以作形容词,表示“英格兰的”、“英国的”、“英国人的”等: This is an English car. 这是辆英国车。
与English相似的单词有French、Chinese、Japanese等:
I said good morning to him in French. 我用法语向他问早上好。
I arrived in London at last. 我终于到了伦敦。 (1)这里London前面不加冠词。
(2)arrive in:到达,介词in暗指London是个大地方,介词at就表示小地方。reach、get也有到达的意思。reach是及物动词,后面一定要加宾语,如:When will you reach Beijing? 你什么时候抵达北京?get解释“到达”时是不及物动词,宾语前要加介词to,如:When will you get to Beijing? 你什么时候抵达北京?get home(到家)、get there(到那里)不加to,因为home、there都是副词,副词跟动词连用的时候不需要加介词。
(3)at last为固定短语,表示“终于”,一般暗指经过一番等待、麻烦(苦恼)或努力之后,如: It was my turn at last. 终于轮到我了。
I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. 我把问话重复了很多遍。他终于听懂了。
I did not know the way to my hotel… 我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走……
the way to my hotel,去(我住的那家)饭店的路。my hotel不是指属于我的饭店(或旅馆),而是指我已订了房间或者要去住的饭店。
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I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. 我的英语讲得不但非常认真,而且咬字也非常清楚。
not only… but… as well这组连接词与not only… but also是同样的意思,都表示“不但……而且……”,not only与but后面的成分必须对等。课文中的这句话可以改为:
I spoke English not only very carefully, but very clearly as well.(意义不变) 还比如:
Mary not only found her aunt, but stayed with her for two weeks as well. 玛丽不仅找到了她姑妈,而且还在她那里住了两星期。(连接整个谓语)
as well这个短语本身的含义是“也”、“又”、“还”,如:
If you go home tomorrow, I'll go as well. 如果你明天回家,我也回。
He lent me his pen, and his dictionary as well. 他把钢笔借给了我,还有字典。
… he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. ……他讲得既不慢也不清楚。 否定连词neither… nor…(既不……也不……)连接的成分必须对等:
Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York. 老板和他的秘书都没有飞往纽约。(连接两个主语) I met neither Jane nor her husband. 简和她的丈夫我都没见到。(连接两个宾语)
My teacher never spoke English like that! 我的老师从来不那样讲英语!
like that,像那样,like在这里是介词,表示“像”、“像……一样”,介词短语作状语,修饰动词spoke,如: He speaks like a foreigner. 他说话像外国人。
书信写作
St.是Street(街)的缩略;逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者,如:I am in Class One, Grade One. 我在一年级一班;在日期里,月和日之间不需要逗号,但在年之前要有逗号;日期是以序数词出现的,月份一定要是英语字母。
关键句型
并列句的语序
在第1课的语法中,我们学习了简单陈述句的语序,它一般为:主语+动词+宾语(可有可无)+状语(可有可无,分为方式、地点和时间状语,位置相对比较灵活)。通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中,各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列,但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。我们常常把并列句中的各分句看成是并列主句。常用的并列连词有:and、and then、but、so、yet、or、both… and、either… or、neither… nor、not only… but also/but… as well等。这些并列连词可以用来表示另加(and)、对比(but、yet)、选择(or)、连续(and then)以及结局或结果(so)。并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序,如:
You can wait here and I will get the car. 你可以在这儿等着,我去找车。
You主语,can wait动词,here状语,and连词,I主语,will get动词,the car宾语。 and前面一般不加逗号,但其他连词前则一般要加逗号:
Jim speaks Spanish, but his wife speaks French. 吉姆讲西班牙语,而他妻子却讲法语。 I've got a cold, so I'm going to bed. 我得了感冒,所以我要去睡觉。 当并列连词连接的成分相同时,通常不再重复:
He either speaks French or understands it. 他或是会讲法语,或是懂法语。(主语相同,省略) Either you or I can eat the apple. 这个苹果或者是你吃,或者是我吃。(谓语相同,省略)
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Both Mary and Jane understand English. 玛丽和简都懂英语。
当either… or和neither… nor连接主语时,谓语动词与后一个主语保持一致: Neither Liz nor I teach mathematics. 莉兹和我都不教数学。(第二个主语为I,所以teach后不加-es)
书面练习参考答案 摘要写作
I arrived at a railway station in London and asked a porter the way to my hotel, but he could not understand me. He understood me at last, but I could not understand his answer. My teacher never spoke English like that. The porter said that I would soon learn English. Each person speaks a different language in England. They understand each other, but I do not understand them. (69 words)
书信写作
28 Qinhuaihe Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
4th November, 2008
关键句型 A
I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. ‘I am a foreigner,’ I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. ‘You'll soon learn English!’ he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English? B
1. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.
2. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. 3. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. 4. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 5. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. 6. Then he said something, and I understood it.
7. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them. C
1. I knocked at the door, but he did not open it. 2. Both he and I went on holiday.
3. He must be either mad or very wise. 作文
1. Both my sister and I went shopping.
2. We not only got very tired but very hungry as well.
3. It was three o'clock, and we could not get lunch, so we had a cup of tea. 句子结构
I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. 多项选择题讲解
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1. 选(c)。
(a)The writer didn't know any English、(b)The porter didn't speak English都与课文实际内容不符;(d)The writer was a foreigner虽然是课文涉及的内容,但不是作者不能听懂搬运工人讲话的真正原因,因为作者也懂英语;只有(c)The writer couldn't understand the porter's English最符合课文的实际情况,是正确答案。
2. 选(b)。
根据课文第7~8行My teacher never spoke English like that! 只有(b)expected everyone in England to speak like his teacher最能说出作者的真实想法;(a)didn't think the porter was English与事实不符,课文中没有这样的暗示;(c)doesn't think the English speak English并不是作者的真实想法;(d)think that the English speak many different languages虽然是作者说的,但这是作者夸张的说法。 3. 选(b)。
只有选(b)is最符合语法;(a)are不符合语法,因为English作“英语”讲的时候是单数名词,不能跟复数的连系动词are;(c)也不符合语法,因为陈述一种语言的性质应该用一般现在时;(d)has(有)更不符合语法,因为has不能作连系动词。 4. 选(a)。
这个疑问句的回答是several times(几次),是针对“次数”提问的,只有(a)How many times(多少次)是问次数的;而(b)How many、(c)How much、(d)How都不是对次数提问的。 5. 选(b)。
(a)neither(两者都不)、(d)nor(也不)都不能用于带否定词not的否定句中,但neither和nor可以连用,表示“既不……也不……”,这两个选项都是不对的;(c)too(也)只能用于肯定句中,也不对;只有(b)either可以用于否定句中表示“也不”,所以选(b)是正确的。 6. 选(c)。
本句中的both是“两个人”的意思,因此不能选(a)I和(b)He,因为它们是单数人称代词;(d)They可以是两个人,但同前面句子中的人称不一致;只有(c)We(我们)最符合语法和人称。 7. 选(d)。
本句需要选一个关系代词作定语从句中的宾语。(a)who只能作定语从句中的主语(指人);(b)whose只能作定语从句中的定语;(c)whom只能作定语从句中的宾语,指人而不能指物;而本句需要的是指物的关系代词,只有(d)which可以作定语从句中的宾语,指物。 8. 选(b)。
本句需要选一个与前一句中的several(几个)意思相近的词。(a)much(许多)不是several的近义词,也不能修饰可数名词;(c)only a few(只有少数)同several的意思不够接近;(d)three(三个)太绝对化了,因为several不一定就是三个;只有(b)a number of(一些,几个)同several意思相近,且修饰可数名词,所以(b)是正确答案。 9. 选(a)。
该句需要选出同前一句中的At last(最终)意思相同的短语。只有(a)in the end(最终)同at last意思相同;而(b)at least(至少)、(c)lastly(最后地)意思不对;(d)at the finish没有这样的表达方式。 10. 选(a)。 只有选(a)a foreigner(外国人)才能同前句的I come from abroad(我来自国外)的意思相吻合。(b)stranger(陌生的,奇怪的)不符合题义;(c)overseas(国外的,海外的)是形容词,但不如a foreigner意思准确;(d)abroad(出国,在国外)是副词,I am abroad(我正在国外)与前一句意思不符。 11. 选(d)。
只有选(d)taught(教)最符合teacher的行为,是正确的。(a)learnt(学习)、(b)trained(培训)、(c)instructed(指导)这三个选项都不确切。 12. 选(a)。
只有(a)am not sure(不确信)同前面的wonder(感到奇怪)的意思比较接近。(b)am sure(肯定,确信)、(c)wander(漫游)、(d)know(知道,懂)这三个词的意思都相差比较大。
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