英语翻译理论与实践方向-样卷

英语翻译理论与实践方向样卷（修订版）仅供参考

Section One: 翻译理论与实践方向（70 points)

1. Essay Questions (30 points)

Directions: Please answer the following two questions based on your own understanding. Your answer is expected to be written in idiomatic English with critical ideas and clear organization.

1) In 1898, Yan Fu put forward his famous triple principle of translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, which has exerted enormous influence on Chinese translation studies. Nowadays, however, some scholars believe his principle is too out of date to direct the contemporary translation practice. What do you think of this idea?

2) Equivalence is a central term used by many western translation scholars to describe the nature and the extent of the relationships which exist between source language and target language texts or smaller linguistic units. Do you think it is possible to achieve equivalence in translation? And why?

（以下题型未做改动）

2. Translation Practice (40 points)

1) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Writers have always borrowed from one another, and so it could be said that influence is intrinsic to the art of writing. “An artist cares about the perfectability of the work, and not just the fact that it may have originated from himself or from others,” wrote the polyglot Argentinian writer, Borges. Wherever Shakespeare took his plots from, it is clear that translation from several languages was involved somewhere. Goethe sought inspiration from the Orient, James Joyce borrowed from everywhere. Writing in 1918, Ezra Pound advised writers to “be influenced by as many great artists as you can, but have the decency either to acknowledge the debt outright, or to try to conceal it”. Pound’s witty advice is at the heart of all writing, and he, more than most writers, was profoundly aware of the importance of translation. His greatest achievement, the Cantos （《诗章》）is an extraordinary tour de force（精心杰作）, written over many years by a poet with encyclopaedic knowledge of world literature and a hunger to read more in languages he did not know.

Shortly after the First World War, working with other artists, Pound devised the idea of a creative source of energy which they called a vortex (涡流). Instead of seeing influence as something that could be transmitted in a linear manner, from A to B, these writers proposed the idea of a great vortex of energy, through, in and from which ideas would surge about at high speed. In the rush of ideas notions of originality and derivation would dissolve, so that arguments about who had first thought of something, about sources and borrowings and copyings, about faithfulness and unfaithfulness would be eclipsed.

2) Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

人的一生当中，每一种滋味都会品尝得到。看到别人咀嚼甜美而自己却品尝苦涩，总认为这是生活的不公。其实生活从来就没有亏欠过我们什么，自然界给予我们的空气与水，皆是天地至大的恩赐，有了这些就已经足够了，剩下的需要我们去发现、去感悟。

微笑着面对失意，这是坦然；微笑着接受挫折，则是一种境界，而生活所需要的就是这种豁达与随缘。

地震过后，有个灾民在自己房屋的废墟上流泪，无助地哭泣着：“我什么都没有了，还怎么生活？”而他的母亲却搂着他的肩膀微笑着：“至少我们还活着，生活还能继续！”

面对灾难，哭泣者看到的是苦难和挫折，是一无所有的绝望；而微笑的人则看到了希望，看到了风雨过后明媚的天空。

生活总是会有苦难和不如意，遭受重挫之后的一丝微笑就是一份自我宽慰的勇气，就是一种坦荡客观的态度。微笑的时候，其实已经满怀信心地走在争取成功的路上了，就像地平线上升起的炊烟，总能给人一种生机与美好。

把哭泣与悲观的沉郁瓦解，带着微笑去面对生活，就算是在黑夜之中，也可以看到天际点点繁星的光亮。那些乐观的人，会在微笑中积蓄力量，以此给予智慧更好的发挥空间。

人生，归根到底，最需要的是面对生活的智慧。