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in progress在进步中的
8. She’s very strict—we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.她很严格——如果她不允许的话,我们是不敢说一句话的。 ? dare v.敢
在句中作实义动词。dare作实义动词时,其后一般要跟带to的不定式。 Would you dare to do a parachute jump? 你敢跳伞吗?
Nobody would dare to wake him up. 没有人敢叫醒他。
dare可作情态动词,和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,其后接动词原形,其过去式为dared,一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 I dare say我相信;可能
They hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door. 有人在门前走过时,他们几乎不敢呼吸了。 Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground. 没有人敢把视线离开地面。
If you ever dare call me like that again,you’ll be sorry. 如果你敢再那样叫我,你就后悔莫及了。
?daren’t?
??doesn’t dare toShe ?? go out alone.她不敢一个人出去。 ??didn’t dare to??
? unless 除非,如果不(if...not),引导一个条件状语从句。 I couldn’t understand unless you explain it to me. =I couldn’t understand if you don’t explain it to me. 如果你不解释,我不会明白的。
在与事实相反的条件中,即虚拟条件句中,unless与if...not一般不可互换。unless表示“没有发生过”;if表示“发生过”。
If he weren’t so silly,he would understand. 如果他不傻,他不会不懂的。(事实:他傻) If I hadn’t saved her,she would be dead.
如果我不救她,她就死了。(事实:我救了她) ? ask us to后省略了say a word。
9. Some of our class don’t like her,but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organised and clear.我们班有些同学不喜欢她,但我们大多数同学都欣赏她,因为她的课讲地清楚条理。 appreciate vt.感激,欣赏,赞美
(1)appreciate后可以接名词或代词,还可以接动词的-ing形式,但不接不定式;表示“感激”
时后接事或物,thank后接人。
She appreciated his kindness.(=She thanked him for his kindness.)她很感激他的好意。
(2)appreciate作“感激”解,是及物动词,其后须接宾语,不能直接接从句,此时需要加上一个形式宾语it,然后再加上由when,if等引导的从句作真正的宾语。 I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 你如果能在这件事上帮助我,我将非常感激。
(3)表示感激的程度,可以用deeply,highly,very much等副词修饰。 I deeply/highly/very much appreciate your kindness. 我深深感谢你的好意。
10. And a few students even admit liking her!有些学生甚至承认喜欢她! admit vt.承认;允许……进入;容纳 be admitted to被(某校)录取;允许进入 admit sth./that...承认/认可……
admit doing sth.承认干某事
admit sb./sth.to be承认某人/事……
admit sb.into...=allow sb.to enter...允许某人进入……;吸收某人参加……
11. During scientific experiments,she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.在做科学实验时,她准确地讲解发生的现象,因此我的学习提高得很快。
as a result因此;结果
as a result of(=because of)由于……;作为……的结果 result in(=lead to)导致;造成……结果 result from由于……;由……引起 without result毫无结果
She was late for class as a result of the heavy snow. 由于大雪她上学迟到了。
Success results from hard work.成功来自勤奋。 His carelessness resulted in his failure. 他的粗心大意导致他的失败。
12. Physics will never be my favourite lesson,but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs.Chen teaching me.物理永远不会是我最喜欢的课,但我认为有陈老师教我们,我会在考试中考好的。
? with Mrs.Chen teaching me此处为with的复合结构作状语。
with复合结构的构成是:with+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语根据逻辑意义可以是不同的词,如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。with的复合结构在句中常作状语。
(1)with+Object+doing...
Our manager came into the meeting room,with his secretary following him. 我们的经理来到了会议室,秘书紧跟在他后面。 (2)with+Object+adj.
He is used to sleeping with the windows open. 他习惯于开着窗子睡觉。 (3)with+Object+adv.
He left hurriedly with all the lights on. 他开着灯就急忙离开了。 (4)with+Object+done
With her work finished,she went home happily. 工作做完了,她高兴地回家了。 (5)with+Object+介词短语
He went out of the classroom with a book in his hand. 手里拿着一本书,他走出了教室。 (6)with+Object+to do
With so many things to deal with,I can’t go on holiday with you. 有这么多的事要处理,我不能和你去度假。
注意:现在分词作宾补时强调动作正在进行[如例(1)];过去分词作宾补时表示被动及动作已完成[如例(4)];不定式作宾补时表示一个还未发生的动作[如例(6)]。 ? with复合结构还可作定语:
She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 她看见一条小溪,两岸长着红花绿草。
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. 那儿有一排排白色的房子,房前长着树木。
解析: “with+宾语+宾补”结构中,宾补表示完成用过去分词。
13. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese literature—he loves it,in fact!我认为这是因为他确实喜欢教中国文学——实际上,他就是喜欢!
本句含有一个this is because...句式。其中的because...是表语从句。because可引导原因状
语从句和表语从句。引导表语从句时,主语常常是this,that或it。
My English study has improved,and this is because I listen more and speak more. 我的英语学习提高了,这是我多听多说的结果。
(1)That’s why...那是……的原因。
She didn’t pass the math exam yesterday.That’s why she looks unhappy. 她昨天数学考试不及格,那是她显得不高兴的原因。
(2)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……。why引导定语从句修饰reason,that引导表语从句。
The reason why she looks unhappy is that she didn’t pass the math exam yesterday. 她显得不高兴,那是因为她昨天数学考试不及格。
14. He’s got so much energy,this is one class you do not fall asleep in!他的精力很充沛,在他的课上你不会打盹!
fall asleep入睡,熟睡,睡着 fall ill病倒 fall in love with sb.爱上某人
fall off跌落,落下 fall off a table从桌子上落下 fall behind落后 fall to pieces倒塌,垮台 fall down倒下
15. He talks loudly and fast,and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited.他声音洪亮,语速很快,当他变得兴奋时,他就会挥动他的双手。 get excited激动
(1)get excited短语中的get相当于be动词,后面常接形容词化的过去分词。get很侧重于动作,而be更强调状态。
(2)get可用作连系动词代替be用于“get+过去分词或形容词”中,表示动作。
get hurt 受伤 get killed遇难 get married结婚 get changed换装
get separated分离 get caught被抓 get bored厌烦 get lost丢掉;迷路 get tired累了 get dressed 穿衣 get paid被付款 get drunk醉了
get angry生气 get ill病了 get fat变胖 第四部分 其他部分语言点
1. Do you do a lot of translation in your language classes?在语言课上,你做很多翻译吗? translation n.[C,U]翻译
translate...into...把……译成…… make/do a translation of...翻译…… put/turn/change...into...把……译成…… 自我探究
口译与笔译:
[动] interpret口译 [动] translate翻译 [名] interpretation口译 [名] translation翻译 [名] interpreter口译者 [名] translator笔译者
2. Do you have a choice about which language to study?你有学哪种语言的选择吗? choice n.选择,选择权;所选之人或物 make a choice 做出一个选择 have a choice of...有……的选择 at one’s own choice任意地,随意地 by/for choice凭着喜爱;出于选择 of choice精选的;上选的 without choice不分好歹地
There is no choice for me but to wait.
3. How much vacation do you have?你有多少假期? vacation n.假期
vacation,holiday,leave
(1)vacation多用于美国英语,可以和holiday通用。
(2)holiday多用于英国英语,指工作日以外的休息时期,但不包括周末或仅仅一天 的休息日。
(3)leave多指因事或因病不能工作而请假。
He had six weeks’ leave.他请了六个星期的假。
go on/take a vacation度假 be on vacation/holiday在休假 ask for a three-day leave请三天的假
4. It’s all right,but I prefer Chinese and English.好吧,但是我更喜欢语文和英语。 prefer v.更喜欢;宁愿
?sth.to sth.宁愿……不愿……?doing (to do) sth.宁愿做某事prefer ?sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事
?doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事?to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事??would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事用一般过去时表示现在和将来)?(would rather sb. had done sth.
宁愿某人做过某事
??(过去完成时表示过去的情况)
would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
n./pron.较喜欢……
注意:prefer的过去式、过去分词以及现在分词都是双写“r”之后再加-ed或-ing。 5. Which would you rather play,tennis or badminton?网球和羽毛球,你更喜欢打哪一个? would do...rather than do...=would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
I’d rather you hadn’t done that. 我真希望你没做过那件事。
6. You decide—it’s up to you.你决定——这由你来决定。
be up to sb. (to do)由某人决定;该某人(做……) 做某事是某人的职责或义务 It’s up to us to help those in need. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。
7. There are a couple of things I need to do.有几件事情需要我做。 a couple of两个;一些
a couple of,a pair of
couple和pair在数量上都表示“二”,但a pair of强调配对的东西(一对,一双),a pair of shoes/glasses 一双鞋/一副眼镜。而a couple of不一定是配对的东西,Not every couple is a pair.成双未必能配对。然而,两者都可以表示“一对夫妇”或“关系密切的两个人”。a happy
pair/couple一对幸福的人/夫妇 8. So that’s settled,we’ll start at nine tomorrow.那就这样定了,我们明天九点钟出发。 本句中的“that’s settled”是用来做出最后结论的表达语,意为“就这么定了”。 其他类似的
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