资料(5)-- 评注性状语

资料(5) --- 评注性状语

评注性状语，它不是修饰谓语动词，而是对整个句子进行说明和解释，表明说话人的看法和态度。评注性状语不与它所评注的句子在结构上紧密结合，通常位于句首（间或位于句中或句尾），常用逗号与句子隔开，其表达形式多种多样。 I 评注性状语一般有下列几种形式：

1

副词或副词短语：personally, honestly, frankly, obviously, clearly, briefly, luckily, fortunately, naturally, actually等，happily for sb, generally speaking, worse still, strangely enough, not surprisingly等。如：

Honestly, I think you are mistaken.

Generally, the weather in Wuhan is hot in summer and cold in winter. Obviously, nobody expected us to be here today.

Altogether, this essay probes this phenomenon in a new perspective.

Happily for him, his father’s second wife was kind to him. 使他幸福的是他的继母对他很好。 Worse still, his car got stuck in the mud.

2

介词短语：of course, from…point of view, in short, in brief, in a word, in general, in summary, to one’s surprise, to one’s joy, as a matter of fact, in actual fact, between ourselves(you and me)等。如：

In a word, we must make careful preparations if we want to do our work well. 总之, 如果我们想把工作做好,就要预先做好充分准备。

In general , the weather in Wuhan is hot in summer and cold in winter. In summary, this essay probes this phenomenon in a new perspective.

3

分句：what was worse, what’s more等。例如： What was worse, his car got stuck in the mud.

What was worse, this wine was not at all suitable for drinking at a banquet. 更糟糕的是这种酒根本不适合在宴会上喝。

4

不定式短语： to tell (you) the truth (说老实话), to be frank (坦率地说), to begin with (首先), to be brief (简言之), to make a long story short (长话短说), to be exact (精确地说), to say nothing of… (姑且不说), to conclude (总而言之), to be sure (诚然、固然), to do him justice (说句对他公道的话), ,so to speak (可以这么说、打个譬喻说), to be honest, to make things worse, to be sure, to speak frankly 等。例如： To be sure, many people may disagree. 肯定会有许多人不同意。 To put it simply, the earth is a small planet.简而言之，地球是个小行星。

She was extremely attractive, to judge from the magazine photographs.从她在杂志上的照片判断，她长得极其迷人。 To make matters worse, his car got stuck in the mud.

To summarize, this essay probes this phenomenon in a new perspective. To be perfectly frank, you’re a bad driver． 非常坦率地说，你车开得不好。 To be honest, I just don’t like him． 说老实话，我就是不喜欢他。

To be fair (to him), he wasn’t entirely to blame． 说句公平话，这事不能都怪他一个人。 To cut a long story short, we said, ‘No!’ 长话短说吧，我们没有同意。

To tell you the truth, I’ve never met him. I’ve never met him, to tell you the truth. 给你说真的，我从没见过他。 To be frank, you need a great deal of courage. 坦白地说，你要有很大勇气。 To tell you the truth, I hate him. 说老实话，我讨厌他。

To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said. 坦率地说，我不同意你说的话。 To begin with, he is too young. 首先,他太年轻了。

It happened late last century in 1895, to be exact. 事情发生在上个世纪末，准确地说，在1895年。

5

现在分词：...speaking, judging from / by等。 例如这类词语还有： concerning, regarding, providing, generally, taking … into account / consideration, talking of…, 等

Generally speaking, the weather in Wuhan is hot in summer and cold in winter.

Generally speaking, the questions were not very difficult． 一般说来，这些问题并不很难。 Exactly speaking, the train will arrive at 9:15 a.m. 准确地说，火车将于9点15分到达。 Judging from / by his looks, he is a rich nobleman. 从外表看，他是一个富有的贵族。 Judging from/ by what you say, he has done his best. 从你说的来判断，他已经尽全力了

Taking everything into consideration, it wasn’t a bad holiday. 考虑到各种情况，这次假期还算不错。 Talking of fine art, do you have any interest in watercolors? 说起美术，你对水彩画感兴趣吗？ Putting it mildly, you have caused us some inconvenience. 说得温和一些，你给我们带来了一些不便。 The questions, generally speaking, are not very difficult. 这些问题，一般说来，并不很难。

Considering her dislike of Martin, it was surprising that she invited him. 由于她不喜欢马丁, 所以她邀请他很是令人惊讶。

6

形容词或形容词短语（比较少见）： curious, funny, more important 等。例如：

One must wait until the soil is damp enough, and, more important (=more importantly), warm enough. 一定要等到土壤有足够的湿度，更重要的是, 有足够的温度。

7

过去分词（比较少见）。例如： Simply put, the earth is a small planet. 简而言之，地球是个小行星。 II

把握位置,注意评注性状语与与修饰性状语(一般是方式状语)的区别：

一般说来,大部分作方式状语的副词在句子中可置于前、中、后三种位置,句子含义不因其位置的变化而受影响;

但评注性状语多置于句首,如改变位置,则可能会变为方式状语。请比较：

① I don't think he'll interview you personally. 我认为他不会亲自接见你。 ② Personally I don't think he'll interview you. 我个人认为他不会接见你。

两句仅一副词位置不同,但意义迥异。句①中的personally 修饰动词interview,表示动作发生的方式,句子相当于\。句②中的Personally作评注性状语,表示说话人看问题的角度,句子相当于\don't think he'll interview you, and that is my personal opinion.\ ① He speaks English clearly. 他说英语说得很清晰。 ② Clearly, he speaks English. 很明显,他说英语。

说明:句①中的clearly表示动作发生的方式,为方式状语,相当于in a clear way; 句②中Clearly用作评注性状语,表示说话人的评论,句子相当于\

【注意】：1. 非谓语形式做评注性状语时, 不需考虑非谓语形式的逻辑主语与主句主语一致的问题。 2. 有几种形式是可以互换的(interchangeable), 例如：

(1) Generally, the weather in Wuhan is hot in summer and cold in winter. In general , the weather in Wuhan is hot in summer and cold in winter. Generally speaking, the weather in Wuhan is hot in summer and cold in winter. (2) To judge from / by what he said, he was very disappointed. Judging from / by what he said, he was very disappointed.

Practice 1 _______________________ (非常令他们失望的是), their son failed to pass the exam again. (disappointment) 2 ________________________________ (考虑到你的年龄) you are not allowed to join the beauty contest. (consider) 3

_________________________________ (考虑到他的年龄), his work was done satisfactorily. (allow) Keys: 1 Much/ Greatly to their disappointment/ To their great disappointment

2 Considering your age (起点考试第71题)

3 Allowing for his age (晚测试（五）第73题)