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B) A non-discriminatory contract.

C) Extra pay额外的费用、额外的报酬 based on sales revenues. D) A limit on the maximum work hours.

49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors? A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job. B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry. C) They are not paid on a regular basis. D) They are not employed full-time.

50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?

A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen. B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems. C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers. D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.

This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.

Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.

And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a

communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.

That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in 2018.

Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit. 51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy? A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration. B) To encourage companies to join in space programs. C) To make the best use of satellites in space. D) To improve traffic conditions in space.

52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy? A) Reduce debris in space. B) Monitor satellite operations.

C) Regulate调节、控制 the launching of new satellites卫星. D) Update satellite communications technology.

53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy? A) Set设立、设定 international standards for the space fight industry. B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms. C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world. D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.

54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?

A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space. B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time. C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.

D) Make a thorough彻底的、深入的 analysis of any possible addition to除……之外、另外 space debris空间碎片.

55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present? A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.

B) Develop technology to address处理、讲话 the space debris problem. C) Limit the amount of debris entering space. D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris. Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字（character）而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉字有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。 Part IV Translation

The Chinese language is used as native language by the greatest number of people in the world. One of the significant distinctions between Chinese and Western languages lies in that it is composed of characters rather than letters. The Chinese language is the oldest writing system still in use. In China, although people from different regions may not understand each other's dialects乡土语言、方言, they have

little difficulty in communicating because Chinese characters are written in a uniform form. The Chinese language has played quite an important role in the unification of the Chinese nation in history. Nowadays, with China's rapid economic growth and increasing global influence, more and more people in other countries begin to learn Chinese.