七八年级语法（第5-10讲）

意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。 如： It’s your turn to be on duty tomorrow． 明天轮到你值日了。 2.It takes（sb．）some time to do sth 意为“（某人）花??时间做某事”。如： It took me a week to finish reading the book． 我花了一周时间看完这本书。

3.It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth 译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。

如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch． 我买这块新手表花了260元。 4.It seems ／seemed ＋从句 译为“看起来好像??”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式”形式。如： It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起来他好像病了。 二.it作形式宾语：

it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well． 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。 We think it no good reading in bed． 我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting． 我认为开这个会是必要的。

一、要点点拔

1．代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。 1) －Who is the baby? －It?s my teacher‘s son． 2) －Who is that gentleman?

－It's my friend Tom．He(不可用It) wants to see you． 2．用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如：

1) It‘s half an hour‘s walk from here to our school． 2) It?s nice and warm here．

3) But it's two o'clock now, and it's time for us to go to school．

3．用作形式主语.it 没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it 给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。

1).It 替代真正的主语——动词不定式短语. It is easier to say than to do . It is a good act to help the others.

2).it 替代真正的主语——动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以no good, no use, no harm, dangerous, foolish 等词作表语的句中. It‘s no harm drinking running water in that area。 It‘s foolish talking like that.

3).it 替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it 的句子很多,常见的有下面几类：

① It is a pity (a shame ,a fact ,a wonder ,a good thing,etc. )that… It is a shame that he didn‘t pass the exam.

② It is strange ( surprising,obvious ,true, good,possible,clear,etc. ) that… 。 It was clear that they had no desire for peace. ③ It seems (happened ,turned out,etc.)that…

It seemed that things were not as they expected. ④ It is said ( decided ,expected ,etc)that … It is said that the tickets have been sold out . 4.用作形式宾语。

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,－ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。

1) We find it difficult to learn English well in such a short time． 2) We think it no use crying over spilt milk．

3) We made it clear when and where we were going to have the meeting．

5．用于强调句型，即“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。 使用该句型有以下几点请注意：

① 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street．

②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday．

③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。

1) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday． 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday． ④强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。

1) It is they who are our friends．

2) It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night．

⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is was…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。 比较：

1) It was ten o'clock when we got home last night．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。 2) It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。 第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成―We got home ten o'clock last night．‖这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．

二、常用句型及考点

I. 形式主语型

1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain…) that…

2. It is important (necessary，right，strange，natural…)that… 掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气 (should+动词原形)，should可以省去。 3. It is no good (use) doing sth． 4. It is a pity (a shame …) that…

本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气 (should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常译为―竟然‖。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

5. It is time (about time，high time) that… 本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。 6. It is the first (second…)time that… 7. It is said (reported，learned…．)that… 8. It is suggested (ordered…) that…

本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省略。常译为―据建议；有命令……‖。 9. It happens (seems，appears) that… 10. It takes sb…to do sth． 11. It doesn‘t matter whether… 12. It is kind (of sb) to do sth．

本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of，而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty, polite，rude，silly, stupid，wise，wrong等。 13. It is necessary ( for sb) to do sth． 14. It is (just) like sb to do sth．

本句型为―某人(恰恰)是……样子‖。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。 例：It's like him to leave the work to others． 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。 15. It is up to sb to do sth．

本句型表示―谊由某人做……‖。 II．强调句型

It is+ 被强调部分+that/who…

本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。

III．其他句型 1. It is…since…

本句型主句中用时间作表语，一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去时态。主句如用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。 2. It is…when…

本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。

3. It looks (seems) as if．．．

本句型中的as if引导一个状语从句，常译为―看起来好像……‖。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．

例1 It looks as if he is ill (真的病了) .

例2 It looks as if he were ill (没有生病) .

倒装句

常见的倒装句形式：

1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。 如:

There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。 There seems to be many listeners.

似乎有很多听众。

2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:

Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如: Here they are. 他们在这儿。

3. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如: —I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 —So has he. 他也做完了。

—I haven’t seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。 —Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。

4. not only... but also...连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如: Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。 练习

一．单项选择

1.It was at the gate ____ he told me the news.

A. that B. what C. which D. when 2.Is ____necessary to tell his father everything A. it B. that C. what D. he 3.Was it in this palace ____ the last emperor died?

A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 4.Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A. now B. man C. that D. it 5.Was it during the Second World War ____he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then

6.Is ____necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he

7.I don't think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it

8.Does ____matter if he can't finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it

9.It was not ____she took off her dark glasses ____ ,I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then 10.Tom?s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____didn‘t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it

11.____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

12. Is ________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A．now B．man C．that D．it 13．Our food and service are better than ________ used to be.