被动语态讲解及练习

被动语态（Passive Voice）

上海市继光初级中学 英语教研组

【语态】(Voice)（主动语态和被动语态）

1、语态的分类： （1）主动语态：动作的执行者作主语。

（2）被动语态：动作的承受者作主语。

2、被动语态的动词特征：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(简称：be + p.p.),变否疑。 3、被动语态的时态：

（1）一般现在时的被动语态： is/am/are + p.p. 否定：isn’t/am not/aren’t +p.p. （2）一般过去时的被动语态： was/were + p.p. 否定：wasn’t/weren’t + p.p. （3）一般将来时的被动语态： will+ be + p.p. 否定：won’t be +p.p. （4）情态动词的被动语态： must/can/may+ be + p.p. 否定： mustn’t/can’t/may not + be +p.p.

(5) 现在完成时的被动语态: have/has+been+p.p. 否定: haven’t/hasn’t +been + p.p.

（说明：以上5种为必须要掌握的形式，以下3种为了解的形式。）

（6）现在进行时的被动语态： is/am/are + being + p.p. 否定： isn’t/am not/aren’t + being + p.p. （7）过去完成时的被动语态； had + been + p.p.否定：hadn’t + been + p.p. （8）过去将来时的被动语态： would + be + p.p.否定：wouldn’t + be + p.p. e.g., (1) The exercise must____________(finish) today. (2) Football _________(play) in the world. (3) My wallet___________(steal) yesterday. (4) The bridge ___________(build)now. (5) The story_____________(read) by me for three weeks. Keys(参考答案):

(1) be finished (2) is played (3) was stolen (4) is being built (5) has been read

4、被动语态的变化步骤：

(1)划分主语、谓语和宾语

(2)将主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语

(3)将主动语态的动词变成be+p.p.形式（要保持原来的时态形式）

(注意动词的时态形式和主语的单数和复数形式)

(4)将主动语态的主语变成“by+宾格”结构（可以省略）

e.g. (1) People named the two pandas “Tuantuan” and “Yuanyuan”. (2) We will finish the work in two days. (3) We must protect forests.

(4) I have kept the dog for two years. *(5)Did the dog eat the meat? *(6)Who has take the books away? Keys(参考答案):

(1) The two pandas were named “Tuantuan” and “Yuanyuan” (by people). (2) The work will be finished (by us) in two days. (3) Forests must be protected (by us).

(4) The dog has been kept (by me) for two days.

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(5) Was the meat eaten by the dog?

(6) Who(m) have the books been taken away by?

5、不用被动语态动词：

（1）have 有

（2）look,sound,smell,taste等连系动词 （3）take place /happen

（4）get to/arrive(at/in)/reach到达 （5）rise升起,上升 （6）ring(铃响)

（7）begin/start开始 （8）lie躺，说谎

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※The book sells well.(这本卖得好)※The meat cooks well.

（8）return(回来，回归—不用被动，归还—可用被动语态) （9）leave(离开—不用被动语态，留下/遗忘—可用被动语态) e.g. (1)The idea ________(sound) great. Let’s go together. (2)The story _________(happen) in USA ten years ago.

(3)The Olympics__________(take place) in Beijing in 2008. (4)The kind of bicycle______(sell) well. Keys(参考答案):

(1)sounds (2)happened (3)took place (4)sells

6、常用被动语态：

（1）be located in (2)be covered with (3)be called （4）be made of(in/from) (5)be made up of (6)be asked to do sth

(7)be invited to do sth (8)be used for doing sth/to do sth

e.g. (1)The streets _________(cover) with snow because it__________(snow)

heavily last night.

(2)We________(tell) to come to school yesterday.

(3)Many friends ________(invite) to my birthday part because it is my birthday tomorrow.

Keys(参考答案):

(1)was covered, snowed (2) were told (3) were invited

7、动词不定式的省to形式的被动语态：（变被动时，要还原to）

※make sb do sth—be made to do sth）

※see sb do sth/watch sb do sth/hear sb do sth/notice sb do sth e.g. (1) Floods made people leave their home.(被动语态)

(2) Teachers made us__________in the classroom, so we were made _______our homework.

A. stay, do B.to stay, do C.to stay, to do D.stay, to do Keys(参考答案):

(1)People were made to leave their home (by floods). (2) D

8、动词后面跟双宾语：

( 人在物前不用介词，物在人前要用介词to或for) –只需将其中的一个宾语（要么人，要么物）变成被动语态的主语

注意:make/buy/draw常与for连用 e.g. make sth for sb/buy sth for sb e.g. (1)Uncle Li gave us a big dinner yesterday. We ______ ______ a big dinner ______ Uncle Li yesterday. A big dinner________ ________ _______us _____Uncle Li yesterday. (2)Dad will buy me a present. I ______ ______ ______ a present ______ Dad. A present ______ ______ ______ ______ me ______ Dad. Keys(参考答案):

(1) were given, by ; was given to, by

(2) will be bought, by ; will be bought for, by

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9、“动词+副词”或“动词+介词“结构

在变成被动语态后，介词或副词不能漏掉 e.g. (1)We must look after our eyes. (2)How did you deal with the dog? Keys(参考答案):

(1) Our eyes must be looked after by us. (2) How was the dog dealt with by you?

10、同步练习

被动语态练习

I. 选择最佳答案:

( ) 1. English __________ in Britain.

A. speaks

B. are spoken

C. is speaking

D. is spoken

( ) 2. This popular song __________ by us after class.

A. often sings

B. often sang

C. is often sang

D. is often sung

( ) 3. This kind of bike __________ in Germany.

A. makes

B. made

C. is making

D. is made

( ) 4. New computers _________ in our school.

A. is used

B. are using

C. are used

D. have used

( ) 5. Our flat must ___________ clean.

A. keep

B. be kept

C. to be kept

D. to keep

( ) 6. A new hospital _____________ at the corner of the street.

A. is building

B. is being built C. been built

D. be building

( ) 7. The key __________ on the sofa when I left.

A. was left

B. will be left

C. is left

D. has been left

( ) 8. Doctors ____________ all over the world.

A. need

B. are needing

C. are needed

D. will need

( ) 9. His new book_____________ next year.

A. will be published

B. is publishing D. has been published

C. is being published

( ) 10. French ____________ in every country.

A. is not spoken B. are spoken

( ) 11. These papers _____________ yet.

A. have not written C. has not written

B. have not been written D. has not been written C. is speaking

D. is not speaking

( ) 12. The sports meeting ____________ be held until next week.

A. didn't

B. won't

C. isn't

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D. doesn't