单面焊双面成形质量差的原因及防止措施

4.3 操作因素 ·················································6

5 防止单面焊双面成形焊接产生焊接缺陷的措施 ····································6

5.1 作好焊前准备 ···············································6

5.2 焊接操作 ·················································6

5.2.1 选择合适的工艺参数 ··········································6

5.2.2 焊工技术水平 ·············································7

结 论 ······················································7

参考文献 ····················································8

谢 辞 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。

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单面焊双面成形质量差的原因及防止措施

[摘 要]单面焊双面成形的焊接质量受到了焊接设备、焊材工艺流程、操作技术水平的限制。本文详细的介绍了焊接电源、焊接电流、焊接速度、电弧电压、焊接层数、焊条类形、焊条直径等工艺因素对单面焊双面成形技术焊接质量的影响和造成的相关缺陷。详细的分析了单面焊双面成形技术焊接质量差所引起的一系列问题及造成质量差的原因，提出了相应的防止措施，解决单面焊双面成形技术的缺陷，使单面焊双面成形技术进一步完善，加以推广，并对单面焊双面成形作业具有一定的指导作用。

[关键词]单面焊双面成形，焊接，质量，原因，措施

[Take off to want]welding of one side soldering two-sided forming the mass was subjected to weld an equipment, soldering material process flow, operate the restriction of technique horizontal.This text introduced to weld power supply, weld current, weld velocity, give or get an electric shock arc voltage and weld the impact that the craft factors, such as number, welding rod shape and welding rod diameter...etc. welds mass vs the one side soldering two-sided forming technique and result in in detail of related bug.Analyzed an one side soldering two-sided forming technique to weld mass in detail bad a series of problem sparked and result in bad mass reason, proposed to homologously prevent°from measure, clinch technical bug of two-sided forming of one side soldering, make two-sided forming technique of one side soldering further perfect, take into to expand, and have a certain instruction action to the one side soldering two-sided forming.

[Keyword]the one side soldering Be two-sided to take shape, weld, mass, reason, measure

引 言

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焊接技术是一门重要的金属加工技术，尽管焊接技术发展很快，自动化程度也越来越高，但手工电弧焊仍占有不可替代的地位。尤其在小直径容器和管道的焊接方面，单面焊双面成形焊接技术的作用更显突出。优质的单面焊双面成形焊接的焊缝表面应圆滑过渡至母材，表面不得有裂纹、未熔合、夹渣、气孔、焊瘤、咬边等缺陷，焊缝内部同样不允许有缺陷。但焊接过程中由于设备、材料、工艺及操作等原因，使得形成的焊缝达不到质量要求，从而对结构的工作质量和使用寿命产生严重的影响。

1.单面焊双面成形技术的概念

单面焊双面成形技术是采用普通焊条，在不需要任何辅助措施条件下，只是坡口根部在进行组装定位焊时，应按焊接的不同操作手法留出不同的间隙，在坡口的正面进行焊接，就会在破口的正、背两面都能得到均匀整齐、成形良好，符合质量要求的焊缝。这种方法主要适用于板材对接接头、管状对接接头和骑座式管板接头。是锅炉、压力容器焊工应熟练掌握的操作技能。

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2.单面焊双面成形常见的焊接缺陷

2.1 尺寸上的缺陷

包括焊接结构的尺寸误差和焊缝形状不佳等。焊缝外表高低不平和波纹粗劣，焊缝宽度不均匀、太宽或太窄，焊缝余高过低或过高，角焊缝焊脚尺寸不等都属于焊缝尺寸及形状不符合要求。这些缺陷不仅使焊缝成形不美，而且容易造成应力集中,影响焊缝与母材的结合强度。

2.2 结构上的缺陷

包括气孔、夹渣、非金属夹杂物、熔合不良、未焊透、咬边、裂纹、表面缺陷等。这些缺陷是焊接过程中最容易出现的缺陷。这些缺陷减弱了焊缝的有效面积，降低了焊接接头的力学性能，而且易造成应力集中，引起裂纹，导致结构破坏，使焊接结构无法承受正常工作载荷。

2.3 性质上的缺陷

包括力学性能和化学性质等不满足焊件的使用要求的缺陷。力学性能指的是抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率、硬度、冲击吸收功、塑性、疲劳强度、弯曲角度等。化学性质指的是化学成分和耐腐蚀性等。这些缺陷使焊缝结构无法达到设计要求的力学性能和化学性能。

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3.单面焊双面成形质量差引起的问题

3.1 增加消耗，降低结构的质量和使用寿命

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