倒装结构考点点击

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倒装结构考点点击

山东 孙玉忠

倒装句主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和表语语序的倒装，是中学英语学习中一个重要语法点和难点，也是历年来高考的热点之一。为了帮助同学们能更清晰、更容易地掌握这一句型结构的繁多内容，笔者根据最近几年高考在这一方面的考查，把常用的结构分类整理了一下，并提出超级点评，讲述如下：

一、表示相同概念的肯定或否定回答时的倒装 副词so 放在句首，表示前面肯定句中所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物），意思为“也，同样，也如此”。句型是：so +助动词+主语；把neither ，nor 放在句首，表示前面的否定也适用于另一个人（或物），意思为“也不是，也没有”。其句型是： neither（nor ）+ be （have ，或其他助动词）+ 主语。如：

I saw the film, so did she.

If you don't suppose the plan, neither / nor will I. 【高考链接1】--- My room gets very cold at night. --- ___________. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does

【超级点评】 C。在两个答句中,当两者(人或物)情况或意思完全相同,第二个分句用so引出时,出现省略现象，还可引起倒装结构,表示\也??\。本句子的意思：“我的房子晚上很冷”。“我的也是”。 So does mine 相当于My room gets very cold at night, too.

【高考链接2】If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.

A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will

【超级点评】 B。如果Joe的妻子不去舞会的话，Joe也不会去。neither引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句而且主谓用倒装，这里neither he will 相当于he will not go to party , either 。

注意：为了表示强调，把so放在句首，这时句子要用倒装语序，，如： So frightened was the boy that he didn’t know what to do. 【高考链接】--It's burning hot today, isn't it? -- Yes, ________yesterday.

A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it

【超级点评】 A。－今天天气很热。－是的，昨天也是这样。so+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样”、“也那样”，常理解为倒装结构

二、由否定副词或半否定副词引起的倒装

当否定副词或半否定副词not, never, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式,即将句中的助动词调至主语（无论是名词还是代词）之前。无助动词，必须加上助动词do或does或 did。例如：

Hardly did he come to see us last year.

Never before has his father been to Beijing.

【高考链接】Little ______that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in his business．

A．he realized B．he didn’t realize C．didn’t he realize D．did he realize

【超级点评】D 当little 位于句子句首表示否定意思时，句子要用倒装形式，无助动

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词，必须加上助动词，故答案为D。

三、由副词only引起的倒装

当副词only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，要将相应的助动词调置主语之前，构成部分倒装结构。例如：

Only then did he realize that he was wrong.

注：当only位于句首，强调主语时，主谓语序不倒装。例如： Only the people present can prove it.

【高考链接】Only my friend came , ______.

A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired

【超级点评】 C。首先only 位于状语从句句首，主句要倒装，排除B、D项，其次根据结构和句意，要用被动结构，排除A项。故答案为C。

四、if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装

在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中的谓语动词含有were或had或should等助动词时，可将连词if 去掉，从句采用部分倒装形式。例如：

Were I in your position, I would refuse her invitation. = If I were in your position, I would refuse her invitation.

Had he got up earlier, he wouldn't have missed the train. =If he had got up earlier, he wouldn't have missed the train.

【高考链接】_____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

【超级点评】 本题有一定的难度，是对虚拟语气倒装现象的考查。在if引导的非真实条件中，如果从句中含有助动词、情态动词、be或have，我们可以把连词if 省去，并将should，were， had等词提到主语之前，构成倒装。故本题的答案为B。

五、however / as / though 引导的倒装

这时，上述词语的意思为“无论怎样，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句中，常将从句中的形容词、副词提至句首，紧跟在however等之后，但从句中的主谓语序不倒置。注：如果表语为单数可数名词时，在采用倒装形式时，不定冠词必须去掉。例如：

However difficult computer science is, I will try my best to master it. Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.

Much as the child wanted it, he didn't dare to say so.

【高考链接】Scientist as he is, he remains modest. _____,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound

【超级点评】 D 。尽管他是一个科学见，但是他很前卫。尽管他的想法听起来很荒唐，但是还是被会议上的全部人们所接受。当as“尽管”，引导的让步状语从句时，常将从句中的形容词、副词提至句首，紧跟在as之后，但从句中的主谓语序不倒置。

六、not until...引起的倒装

当not until...\直到... ...才\引导的时间状语从句放于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式，从句用正常语序。例如：

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

【高考链接】Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution. A. did the villages realize B. the villagers realized

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C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the village realize

【超级点评】 A。以not until 开头的句子要用倒装结构。这个句子是一般过去时，在主语前要加did,谓语动词用原形。

【巩固精练】

I. 单项选择：

1. No sooner_________ asleep than she heard a strange knock at the door.

A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she fell D. she did fall 2. They came to a very tall ancient building, in front of________. A. which stood two stone horses B. it stood two stone horses C. which two stone horses stood D. it did two stone horses stand 3. Not until he arrived home__________ that his wallet had been stolen.

A. he had found B. he found C. did he find D. had he found 4. －Did you enjoy that trip?

－I’m afraid not. And________.

A. my classmates don’t either B. my classmates don’t too C. neither do my classmates D. neither did my classmates 5. Not only________ polluted but________ crowded in this modern city. A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were

6. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,_________.

A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be 7. _________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 8. _________ it rain tomorrow, we have to put off our sports games. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 9. Hearing the baby crying, _________.

A. rushed the mother out B. out rushed the mother C. out the mother rushed D. rushed out the mother

10. Seldom_________ late to the office and never ________ forget that.

A. did he come; would I B. he came; I would C. was he; I will D. would he; shall I II.根据句子的意思，用倒装句的用法完成下列句子：

1. 去年他几乎没来看过我们。________ come to see us last year. 2. 只有在场的人才能证明这件事。Only the people present _______. 3. 我看过这部电影，她也看过。I saw the film, ______.

4. 他爷爷既不会读，也不会写。____________ grandfather read, nor can he write. 5.尽管他很累，他还是继续跑。__________, he kept on running. III. 句子改错：

1.Only when was he 50 years old did he begin to learn French. 2.Little she knew Tom was badly ill. 3.Turn to the right and there are you.

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4.And all around the fox in a circle was dogs. 5.—You can learn English well. —So can we.

参考答案：

I. 1. Hardly did he 2. can prove it 3. so did he 4. Neither can his 5. Tired as he was II. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A

III.1.was he —he was 倒装主句不倒装从句。2.She knew—did she know 此句为半倒装句。3.are you —you are 此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。4.was—were主语是dogs 。5.so we can 主语we与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装。

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