江苏省南京市六校联考2016届高三上学期12月调研测试 英语

D. Marc’s landlord gave away what he had when he died

D

The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies. It indicates a positive meaning. Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities. Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other. The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief. A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy. A tolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.

The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey?

The word tolerance means to bear, or to bear with. If I tolerate something or someone, I basically say that I am ready to bear it or him. I can tolerate a bad smell or a noisy neighbour. The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon, which I find difficult to bear. A bad smell or a noisy neighbour is considered by me to be an objectionable phenomenon. By tolerating either of them, I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbour into positive phenomena. Let's be honest: I don't have a different taste when it comes to bad smells. I simply dislike it and wish that it disappears. I don't respect the noisy neighbour. I would rather have him stop at once the noise he is making so I can live in peace.

To try to remove the bad smell or take reasonable action in order for the noisy neighbour to stop bothering me would most probably not be considered an intolerant act by most people.

Now, let's try to apply the word tolerance in reference to a person who is law-abiding and holds a legally acceptable different view from my own. I may have a strong view, which is opposed to his. Quite frankly, I may decide to tolerate his view. By so doing, I would be attributing to it a negative characteristic. I would apply the same attitude to his view as to the bad smell or noisy neighbour. Thus, to try to take action in order to make his view disappear would be considered an intolerant act. To tolerate his view the way I would a bad smell or a noisy neighbour, could hardly be considered virtuous.

The subject tolerating is by nature not equal to the object being tolerated. If I tolerate you, I essentially say that I am above you and am prepared, although unwillingly, to bear with your presence or with your practices or opinions. That may be true in the case of an individual who is ready to tolerate the other. However, this attitude by such an individual, though empirically true, is hardly a virtue. Certainly, the fact that an individual, in reality, may merely tolerate the other or his opinion does not justify a government or any official authority promoting tolerance as a virtue. One cannot tolerate an equal being. True equality involves respect, not toleration. To respect the other as a distinctive person is hardly to tolerate him. This is the true meaning of equality: diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting.

The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptance of individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems. We have seen such cases with regard to political parties or destructive religious groups that have been treated in a liberal manner under the guise of tolerance.

A tolerant attitude involves the grant of a favour, not a right. The question we should ask ourselves is whether we would ever wish a parliament to make laws according to us, as individuals

and as part of a collective entity or a permission to pursue certain actions interpreted as a favour rather than a right? Indeed, would we ever wish anyone to listen to our views and accept us the way we are simply because he is kind enough to tolerate us?

65. The first two paragraphs are mainly intended to show that __________.

A. tolerance is a symbol of liberal democracies B. democratic society always advocates tolerance C. people’s understanding of tolerance is one-sided D. tolerance can be applied to many situations

66. The underlined part “desist from” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________’. A. deny B. dislike C. stop D. keep 67. The example of a bad smell and a noisy neighbour is raised to indicate that _________. A. the writer are fed up with them B. most people find them hard to tolerate

C. the writer isn’t prejudiced against them D. tolerating them isn’t a virtuous act

68. The main idea of Paragraph 6 is that _________. A. tolerance has nothing to do with respect B. most people promote tolerance as a virtue C. people should show respect for each other D. tolerance shows an unequal relationship

69. Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A. Too much tolerance will endanger the foundations of democratic systems. B. By tolerating people can transform something negative into the opposite. C. People tolerating others are likely to consider them as their equals. D. Being tolerant should be regarded as a right instead of a favour 70. The best title for this passage should be “___________”.

A. Tolerance and respect B. What is to be tolerated? C. Is Tolerance a Virtue? D. Should people be tolerant?

第II卷（两部分；共35分）

第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Chronic disorganization （慢性失序症）occurs when one has a habit of being disorganized over a long period, which means the person is constantly unsystematic in how he conducts life and business. One suffering from this problem may find relief in the fact that it isn’t actually a disease or even an “ official” disorder. It’s the continued lack of organization in one’s life.

Someone may become addicted to collecting a certain thing yet never organize the collection as it grows out of control. This can especially be a problem for those with a lot of time and money at hand, yet the problem can be serious for any type of person in a wide variety of situation.

One’s personal attitude can often be a big part of why the chronic disorganization exists. Once the attitude of acceptance about being a “slob” is in someone’s head, it’s hard to remove. If someone tells himself that he is a slob, he will likely live up to that self-image created by him or

by those around him.

One first receives true awareness of the disorder of chronic disorganization when it starts to negatively affect relationships with friends and family members. Everybody becomes affected by this situation, especially those sharing living places with the one involved.

The National Study Group for Chronic Disorganization (HSGCD) recommends that one get help through a professional organizer. The study found that all of the subjects in the study had problems with making decisions. There were varied reasons given for this problem of decision-making. Among them were fears and prioritizing issues. Research is ongoing for the link between problems in decision-making and chronic disorganization.

Chronic disorganization often begins with situational disorganization, something most people experience at some point. Someone who has lost someone significant to him may start to be troubled by disorganization after a divorce. Someone who experienced changes in life and in his career is likely to let things like organization and order fall by the wayside. However, one doesn’t instantly have chronic disorganization.

“ If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That’s an old saying that’s true about one’s struggles with chronic disorganization. Every person has the power to change within himself. It’s a matter of staying organized, one day at a time. Those who have left chronic disorganization in the past have often done so by promising to stay organized simply for that single day.

Definition ◆It means that the person is 71____▲______ disorganized in life and business over a long period. 72____▲______ of organization , one is likely to have the problem. ◆One example is that an addict is73 ____▲_______ to organize the collection. ◆The existence of chronic disorganization is partly 74 ____▲_______ by one’s personal attitude. ◆One doesn’t 75____▲_______ the disorder of chronic disorganization until it has bad effects on the relationships with friends and family members. Recognizing the problem ◆All subjects in the study 76 _______▲_____ from the The findings of the problem of poor decision-making, which is linked with chronic study disorganization. Further research are still in 77 ______▲_______. ◆People losing someone significant, going through a divorce or Warning78__▲____ changes in one’s life and career have a 79 _____▲________to ignore organization and order. Good news ◆In 80_____ ▲________ with chronic disorganization, every person has the power to change, at least one single day at a time.

第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）

81．请阅读下列文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 We suffer from pollution. “I can’t bear the smog in this city any more. It’s getting worse and worse.” said Wang Tao，a senior citizen in Beijing. “I’m often disturbed by loud noise during my work and sleep.” said a senior student from Shenzhen. Many of China’s waterways are largely unfit for direct human use because of industrialization. A 2015 report estimated that 1.6 million people in China die each year from heart, lung and stroke problems because of polluted air. New technologies have promoted the development of urbanization and economy. While economic growth may continue, the rewards of this growth may be opposed by the harm from the pollution unless environmental protection is increased. 【写作内容】

1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容； 2. 请根据以上图文信息简述污染的情况及其原因；

3. 从可持续发展的角度提出你对治理城市污染的建议（不少于两点）。 【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 [评分标准]

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。