精编最新高中英语语法考点专题解析 - 第16章 主谓一致

高中英语语法考点专题解析 第十六章 主谓一致

一、概说

主谓一致是英语中一致关系中的一种。一致是一个语法范畴，指词语之间在人称、数、格、性等方面的一致。对于人称、格、性方面的一致比较简单易懂，本书在有关章节都以涉及，所以本章主要讨论数的一致。

关于数的一致，英语中有三个原则。 1、语法一致，即形式上的一致。 The book is useful. The books are useful.

2、语义一致，即意义上的一致。 The family are having lunch. Ten dollars is enough.

3、临近原则，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。 Either you or he attends the meeting. A man of abilities are needed.

下面我们将着重从七大方面详细阐述英语中的主谓一致。 二、特殊种类 名词的谓语动词单复数 1、集合名词单复数

①集合名词作主语时，如果着眼于整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果着眼于个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：family、class、crowd、army、audience、team、club、offspring、choir、crew、company、cavalry、hotel、couple、committee、village、jury、government、staff、union、public、faculty、

board、orchestra、party、population、group等。如： The family is a big one. The family are watching TV.

The population in the world is increasing quickly. Two thirds of the population here are farmers. The company produces cars. The company work hard. The team is united well. The team are good players. 对此应注意以下几点：

a、上述集合名词作主语时，有时谓语对此用单复数均可。如： The school’s teaching staff is (are) excellent. The enemy has to (have to) escape. The jury is (are) disinterested.

b、the proletariat（无产阶级）、the bourgeoisie（资产阶级）、the laity（俗人）等作主语时，通常用单数谓语动词。如： The proletariat is great.

The new bourgeoisie has come into power.

c、population、offspring、screw等词也可有复数形式，但要指不同的范围和所属。如： The populations of the two countries are different. Their offspring are likely to live a better life.

The crews of the two ships come into the same trouble.

d、可用every one（a member）of +集合名词表示单数。如：

Every one of the class is hard-working. A member of the team has been over thirty.

e、the whole +集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；all the +集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。如：

The whole audience cheers up. All the audience cheer up.

②有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式，常见的这类名词有：police、cattle、folk、people、mankind、militia、youth、vermin、personnel、kindred、clergy等。如： The cattle are gazing on the hill.

The police have tried their best to arrest the criminal. The mankind long for peace. 对此应注意以下三点：

a、这些集合名词有些有其相应的表示个体成员的词，有单复数变化。如：police—policeman、mankind—man、militia—militiaman、clergy—clergyman、nobility—nobleman、peasantry—peasant、the English—Englishman、the Spanish—Spaniard、the British—Briton等。 b、集合名词有些前面可加数词进行修饰。如： Ten cattle are killed for beef.

Five police hunted for the lost boy in the forest.

c、people表示“人、人民”时为复数意义，不可加-s，但表示“民族”时，有单复数形式。如： The Chinese people are a brave people.

③无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，常见的这类名词有：poetry、jewellery、millinery、scenery、weaponry、machinery、clothing、underwear、glasswear、hardwear、merchandise、cutlery、stationary等。如：

Poetry is a big wealth for our human beings. Weapontry is the main force of a country.

Clothing is necessary for all of us. The scenery here is beautiful.

2、用作书名、报纸名、国家名、组织机构等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但如果是山脉、群岛、瀑布等的名称时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy.

The New York Times is very popular with people. The United Nations is an international organization. The United States is a powerful country. The Himalayas are the roof of the world. The Philippines lie in the Asia.

The Niagara Falls lie between the USA and Canada. The Olympics are held every four years.

3、一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：clothes、trousers、shorts、scissors、scales、oats、assets、fireworks、remains、quarters、woods、jeans、glasses、wages、binoculars、gloves、stockings、arms、goods、spectales、belongs、braces、earnings、filings、doings、surroundings、thanks等。如： The scissors are used to cut things. The scales weigh things accurately. The goods are exported abroad.

若表示成双成对的东西的名词前面有数量词pair、cluster、bunch、collection等时，要根据pair等的单复数来确定谓语的单数或复数形式。如： The scissors are made in China. This pair of scissors is made in China. A scissors is made in China.