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oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己 ;say to oneself 自言自语;by oneself 独自地 ; dress oneself 给自己穿衣
考点2:指示代词、疑问代词和it 的用法
(1) 指示代词的形式:this(单数)—these(复数), that(单数)—those(复数) 如:This is my watch. That is his watch. These are my books. Those are his books.
打电话时,常用“that”询问对方是“谁”, 用“this”介绍自己。 如:—Hello, is that Lucy? —Hello, this is Lucy.
(2 ) 疑问代词指人:who, whom, whose, which ;指物:what, which (3 ) it 的用法
① 指时间、天气或距离等
如:It's eight o'clock now. It's time for class. It's getting hotter and hotter. It's five miles from my home to the school. ② 指谈话双方都知道的或都不知道的人或事 如:—Who is knocking at the door?
—It must be Li Lei. He said he would come tonight. ③ 作形式主语或形式宾语
如:It's important to study English well. We found it hard to finish the work on time.
考点3:不定代词 (见易混词)
(1) 常见的不定代词有:some, any, one, each, every, no, none, all, both, either, neither, many, much, a few, a little, other, another, the other 等。 (2) 形容词或else 修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody,
everything, everyone, everybody等不定代词时,形容词或else放在不定代词的后面。
如:Do you have anything else to tell us? There is nothing wrong with your bike. 【易混词辨析】
(1) some, any 一些
①some 常用于肯定句;但希望对方肯定回答时,疑问句中用some。
②any 常用于否定句和疑问句,还可用于if引导的条件从句;用于肯定句时,表示
“任何一个”。
(2) many, much 许多
①many+名词复数。例如:He has many friends.
②much+不可数名词。例如:He doesn't have much money. (3) a few, few, a little, little
①a few/few+可数名词复数。a few意为“有一点”;few意为“几乎没有”(否定词)。
②a little/little+不可数名词。a little意为“有一点”(还可接形容词或比较级);little 意为“几乎没有”(否定词)。 (4) it, one, that, those
①it 指代前面提到过的那个人或物。
②one 表示泛指,指前面提到的那类人或物中的任何一个,用来代替可数名词单数,其复数形式是ones。
③that 指代同一类别中的另一个,用来代替不可数名词。
④those用来指代名词复数,指代同一类别中的另一些,通常用于含有比较级别的句子中。
(5) both, either, neither
①both意为“两者都”,both of…作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 词组:both…and 两者都
②either意为“两者之一”,either of…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 词组:either…or 要么……要么
③neither意为“两者都不”,neither of…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 词组:neither…nor 既不……也不
注意:either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also(不仅……而且), 连接两个并列的主语
时,谓语动词跟最近的主语一致(就近原则)。
(6) all, every, each, none, no one, nobody
①all指三者或三者以上“全部都”,all of…作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ②every 指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每一个”,不能带of。 ③each 指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”,能带of。
④none指三者或三者以上当中“一个也没有”,既可指人也可指物,常与of连用。 ⑤no one/nobody指三者或三者以上当中“一个也没有”,只能指人,不能与of连用。 注意:用what/who提问的句子表示否定时分别用nothing/no one(nobody)来回答。 用how many/how much提问的句子表示否定时只能用none来回答。 ④the other 特指“剩下的,其余的”。
⑤the others=the other+可数名词复数。指“剩下的人(或物),其余的(或物)”。 词组:one…the other (两者中)一个……另一个; some…others 一些……另一些 (7) another, other, others, the other, the others
①another 泛指三者或三者以上当中的“另一个”。例如: another two dogs=two more dogs
②other 泛指“别的,其他的”,后面常加名词。
③others泛指“别人,其他人”。others=other+可数名词复数。
冠词
考点1 不定冠词a / an 的基本用法
一、基本用法 用法 (1) 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。 (2) 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。 例句 An elephant is much heavier than a horse. There is a book on the desk. (3) 用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。 I have read the books twice, but I want to read them a third time. (4) 用于某些固定词组前。 have a good time, in a hurry, have a rest, for a while, take a walk, have a cold 二、a / an 的区别
a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前,an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。如 a book , an orange , an egg
注意: ① u发音为 / ju:/ 时, 单词前用a . 如: a usual boy; a university; a unit; a useful book; 注意另外两个特殊词: a one-leg table ; a European
② 常见辅音字母不发音的单词有:an honest boy; an hour; an honor; ③ 单独字母前的用an记忆口诀: Mr. Li has one fox . 如:There is an “ f” and an “o” in the word “ frog ”
用法口诀:某人某物属某类,一人一物指全体;某人某物不具体,数量名词前表“每一”
考点2 定冠词 the 的用法
基本用法 (1) 用来表示特指的或指双方都知道的人或事 (2) 表示上文中提到过的人或者事 (3) 用在世界上独一无二的名词前 There is an English book on the desk. The book is Li Lei's. The sun is bigger than the earth. 例句 The man over there is John's uncle. (4) 用在形容词最高级、序数词前面 This is the highest building in this city. (5) 用在乐器名词前 (6) 用在方位名词前 My sister can play the piano and the violin. in the east / west / south / north,on the left / right The Smiths are watching TV. (7) 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇 (8) 和形容词连用,表示一类人 (9) 用在江河湖海及山脉名词前 (10) 用在某些固定词组中 The old should be looked after well. The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. in the morning / evening / afternoon, in the daytime, in the end, at the same time, by the way, at the age of, at the beginning of, in the middle of, at the moment 考点3 不用冠词的情况
基本用法 (1) 在专有名词(国名、城市名、人名、 路名)前不用冠词 (2) 在季节、月份、星期、节日前不用冠词 (3 ) 在球类运动、棋类和学科名词前不用冠词 (4) 三餐饭前不用冠词 (5) 名词前有“this, that, those, these, my, your, some ”等词修饰时不用冠词 (6) 用在某些固定词组中 at home, watch TV, listen to music, on foot, in bed, in hospital, at first, in trouble, in public, by bus, at noon, at night 注意:1. 中国的传统节日前一般加“the”:the Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节; the Spring Festival ;具体某年的季节前一般加“the”:in the winter of 2009在2009年的冬天 2. 但三餐饭前如有形容词修饰时,可以用冠词, 如:have a nice breakfast吃一顿美味的早餐
例句 Beijing is a beautiful city. In summer / on Monday / in 1995 Mr Zhang likes playing football and chess. have breakfast / lunch / supper/ dinner This is my best friend. 数词
常考基数词、序数词一览表
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