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(二)给出了动词的试题。 1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。
若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。
[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.
因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与keep是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词played可知,要用一般过去时,故填kept。
[例19] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away.
虽然句中已有谓语动词declined,但由and walked可知,所填词与declined和walked是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式closed。
[例20] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)
因主语three people与take是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由were treated可知,要用一般过去时,故填were taken。
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有:
2、作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。
[例21] …but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 因it是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填to memorize。
[例22] __35__ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
句中已有谓语won’t make,所以speak应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填Speaking。
3、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
[例23] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 因句中已有谓语will have to work,所以complete应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填To complete。
[例24] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed).
因在形容词likely后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填to succeed。
4、作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。
[例25] He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。
[例26] The headmaster went into the lab, ___40___ (follow) by the foreign guests. 句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。
5、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。
[例27] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. 因a meeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明a meeting,故填starting。 [例28] Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
因句中已有谓语can help,所以learn应为非谓语动词;又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned。
点睛技巧:
语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文,然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求:一是在空格处填入适当的词;二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
1.语法填空的考查范围 (1)语境测试(上下文);
(2)语法测试:动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等。
①动词:时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等;
②引导词:一些从句的使用, 如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等;
③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换, 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等; ④介词:一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法;
⑤名词、冠词:注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法; ⑥代词:注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系;
⑦并列词:and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比的词,以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法;
⑧句型:要求归纳整理, 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型, 如:not...until...; not only...but (also)...; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...;more...than...; neither...nor...;such...that...;hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。
2014高考英语语法填空高频考点 考点1. 动词的时态和语态
(1). The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village . (2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention.
(3).People stepped on your feet or ______ ( push ) you with their elbows.
(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ________ ( inform ). (5).After a four-day journey, the young man ______ ( present ) the water to the old man. (6). He ______( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
broke; results;pushed;was informed;presented;was pretending
小结: 动词的时态、语态是每年的考点, 也是历年高考重点考查的项目,通常1-2道题。 重点考查的是时态 ,且多与语态一起考查。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的, 把握命题人的意图是至关重要的。 1).先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词, 2). 谓语动词的话, 判断用主动语态还是被动语态,
3). 判断用那种时态(根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词)。 4). 确定所填动词的形式,保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致。 5). 特别注意:时态变化时不规则动词的拼写。 考点2 . 非谓语动词 (1). While she was getting me _______ ( settle ) into a tiny but clean room.
(2). The Proverb, “ Plucking up a crop _______( help ) it grow,” is based the following story.
(3). She wished that he was as easy ________ ( please ) as her mother. (4). He spit it out , ______ ( say ) it was awful.
(5). --- and then I noticed a man ______ ( sit ) at the front.
settled ;to help;to please;saying;sitting / sit
小结: 非谓语动词每年必考, 至少1道题, 主要考查: 1). 动名词和不等式做宾语的区别; 2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别;
3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。 解题:
确定非谓语动词;(先分析句子结构,若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,所给的动词就是非谓语动词);
确定用那种非谓语动词;(在句子中作什么句子成分,结合固定搭配和习惯用法); 确定语态;(结合与逻辑主语的关系,确定填那种语态);
确定用那种时态;( 非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态)。
考点3. 情态动词
小结: 情态动词主要考查: 推测和可能性; 情态动词+ Have done ;虚拟语气; shall, should, can 和 must 所表示的特定语气。 重点注意:
1).must , can, could, may, might 表示可能性( 按可能性大小排列 )。 2). must/ could/may/ might ( have done) 表示对发生事情的推测。 3).should/ought + to + have done 表示对过去的责备。 4).will/ shall 表示请求、许可。
5). could /might/ should + have done 表示虚拟语气等。
考点4. 冠词
(1).--- the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _____ small town some 20 kilometers away.
(2).Shopping at this time of the year was not ______ pleasant experience. (3).A young man came across a spring of clear water, _______ water was sweet. (4).We had _______ amazing conversation.
a ;a ;the ; an
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