蜗轮减速机箱体加工工艺和铣箱体下平面及镗74孔夹具毕业设计论文设计 - 图文

攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文）

蜗轮减速机箱体加工工艺和铣箱体下平

面及镗?74孔的夹具设计

学生姓名: 叶 川 勇 学生学号: 200610601338 院（系）: 机械工程学院

年级专业: 2009级机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师: 张彦博 教授

二〇一三年六月

摘要

本课题是对一个已经设计好的蜗轮减速机箱体进行加工工艺规程的制定以及设计出该课题中的所指定的加工两个面的专用夹具。本课题要求是加工箱体下平面和一个轴承座内圆的夹具。跟据生产纲领的要求，本减速机的生产量较大，属于大批量生产，则设计夹具时一定要充分考虑到该夹具在生产中的加工效率，一定要能够达到生产纲领的规定。因此，在能够满足加工精度的前提下，装夹效率、加工效率是越高越好。结合实际生产，课题中夹具可采用一定的自动夹紧方案——气压夹紧。在加工方面，该箱体可采用一般箱体加工的方式——基准统一，即先加工出底面和钻两个工艺孔，用一面两销的方式来做为精基准加工其他的面。这样不但加工精度容易保证，且装夹方面，夹具上的通用零件较多，可以很好地降低成本。对于其他加工面，可按先面后孔的原则进行加工，即先将所有没有特殊要求的面全部铣出来，然后粗镗、半精镗轴承座孔，再将其他一些孔（比如螺钉孔等）加工出来后，最后精镗轴承座孔。工序之间可采用流水线加工。这样加工的好处是工件在加工过程中搬运的地方较少，有利于其他工作的展开和控制成本，且能够满足设计要求。

关键词 蜗轮减速机，加工工艺，专用夹具

1 I

Abstract

Our task is to have a good design of worm gear speed reducer box body processing rules and design of this subject in the specific processing of the special fixture two. The task of this thesis is to design the fixture plane processing box and a bearing seat inner circle. According to the requirements of the production program, the reducer production amount is larger, which belongs to the mass production, the fixture design must fully take into account the processing efficiency of the fixture in the production, provision must be able to reach the production program. Therefore, in can satisfy the machining precision, clamping efficiency, the processing efficiency is higher. Combined with the actual production, paper uses the automatic clamping fixture -- pneumatic clamping scheme certain. In processing, the box can be used in general machining method -- the unification datum, which is processed with a bottom surface and drill two holes, with a two pin way to do fine base for the. So not only the machining precision is easy to guarantee, and the clamping fixture, general parts more, can well reduce the cost. For other processing, according to the surface after the first hole of the principle of processing, namely, first of all do not require special surface milling, and then rough boring, semi-finishing the bearing seat hole, and the other hole (such as screw holes) processing out, finally finish boring of the bearing seat hole. Among the process can use pipelined processing. This process has the advantage of workpiece handling in the process of processing places less, expansion and cost control for other work, and can meet the design requirements.

Keywords worm reducer, machining process, fixture

II

目录

摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I Abstract ..................................................................................................................... II

1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1课题背景 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2指定工艺规程的意义与作用及其基本要求 .............................................................. 1 1.3夹具的设计 ............................................................................................................ 1 2 零件的分析 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.1零件的作用 ............................................................................................................ 3 2.2零件的工艺分析 ..................................................................................................... 3 3 工艺规程设计 ........................................................................................................... 5 3.1确定毛坯的制造形式 .............................................................................................. 5 3.2基面的选择 ............................................................................................................ 5 3.3 制定工艺路线 ....................................................................................................... 5 3.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 ........................................................... 8 3.4.1毛坯尺寸 ........................................................................................................ 8 3.4.2机械加工余量、工序尺寸 ............................................................................... 8 3.5选择量具 ............................................................................................................. 10 3.6确定切削用量及基本工时 ..................................................................................... 10 3.6.1粗铣、半精铣箱体下平面 ............................................................................. 10 3.6.2钻下平面2个?15mm的孔，钻、扩、铰另两个?15mm的孔 ............................ 13 3.6.3铣?176mm圆端面 .......................................................................................... 17 3.6.4铣?98mm圆端面 ........................................................................................... 19 3.6.5铣?60mm圆端面 ........................................................................................... 20 3.6.6铣?32mm圆端面 ........................................................................................... 22 3.6.7镗?132mm孔、?74mm孔 ................................................................................ 23 3.6.8 钻、扩、粗铰、精铰?20mm通孔 .................................................................. 28 3.6.9加工M6的螺纹 ............................................................................................. 31 3.6.10加工M16螺纹 ............................................................................................. 33 3.6.11加工M10螺纹 ............................................................................................. 34 4 专用夹具设计 ......................................................................................................... 37 4.1设计主旨 ............................................................................................................. 37 4.2夹具设计 ............................................................................................................. 37 4.2.1铣箱体下平面夹具设计 ................................................................................. 37 4.2.2镗?132mm孔、?74mm孔夹具 ......................................................................... 39 结论 ............................................................................................................................. 44 参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 45 致谢 ............................................................................................................................. 46