08高考英语难点注意8

难点8 亦有规律可循的介词

介词用法比较复杂，但亦有规律可循。 ●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)________his wife，his daughter also went to see him. A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for (NMET1986)

2.(★★★★)—What are you doing?

—I’m looking________the children.They should be back for lunch now. A.after B.at C.for D.up (NMET1986)

3.(★★★★)The doctor will be free________. A.10 minutes B.after 10 minutes

C.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes after (NMET1992)

4.(★★★★)We offered him our congratulations________his passing the college entrance exams.

A.at B.on C.for D.of (NMET1993)

5.(★★★★★)—How long has this bookshop been in business? —________1982.

A.After B.In C.From D.Since (NMET1994)

6.(★★★★★)Did you have trouble________the post office? A.to have found B.with finding C.to find D.in finding (NMET1992)

7.(★★★★★)—What do you want to do ________those old boxes? —To put things in when I move to the new flat. (北京2002) A.by B.for C.of D.with

8.(★★★★★)The train leaves at 6:00 p m. So I have to be at the station________5:40pm. at the latest.

A.until B.after C.by D.around (NMET1997) ●案例探究

1.________production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A.As B.For C.With D.Through (NMET2000)

命题意图：本题根据句意和结构考查介词用法，属于五星级题目。 知识依托：“with+复合宾语”结构。

错解分析：四个选项均为介词，有一定迷惑性。

解题方法与技巧：句中“with+名词（宾语）+副词（宾补）”结构作状语表示原因。例如：Tian An Men looks grander than ever with all lights on.在华灯掩映下，天安门显得更加雄伟壮观。

答案：C

2.The home improvements have taken what little there is ________my spare time. A.from B.in C.of D.at (NMET2001)

命题意图：考查介词of的用法，属于五星级题目。

知识依托：little of my spare time.意思是“仅有的业余时间”。 错解分析：B项迷惑性较大，受 in one’s spare time短语影响。 解题方法与技巧：of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”，与名词little连用。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句，连接代词what修饰的是在从句中作主语的名词，little提到从句之首，little前无冠词表示否定，意为“少到几乎没有”，如： I understand little of his speech.他的讲话我几乎没有听懂。 答案：C ●锦囊妙计

介词比较复杂，注意以下表示原因的介词。

①because of表示引起结果的直接原因，意义与连词because相同。例如： He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上个月他因病退休了。

②for表示内在的、心理上的原因，常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用；还可表示某种动作或结果的起因。而连词for则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。 例如：He trembled for fear.他怕发抖。 Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。

When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。

③by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如： Her body was bent by age.岁月使得他的腰也弯了。 The general died by his own hand.将军自杀了。

She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。

④at表示某种情绪或动作的起因，多与“喜，怒，哀，乐”等义的词连用，常译作“听到……”，“看到……”。例如：

The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息，全国人民极为悲痛。 He jumped at the news.听到这个消息，他蹦了起来。

⑤on表示能作为依据或条件的原因，常译为“依照……”。例如：

He has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。

⑥of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、饥饿、寒冷，或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果；die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时，二者均可。from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如： His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.儿子死于战争后，老人也因伤心过度而亡。

In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.寒冷的冬天，大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。 She died of /from cancer. 她死于癌症。

He wasn’t ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病，他躺在床上只是偷懒。 ⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因，意为“随着……。”例如：Gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。

⑧owing to,相当于because of，多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如：