2. 词缀与语法成分1

词缀、词性与语法成分

词缀： 通常可以通过词缀来判断词性，下面列出了主要的常见词缀 1. 前缀

大部分前缀是不改变词类的，它们的主要作用是改变词根的意思。

我们曾经学习过的前缀包括：in-, il-, im-, ir-; mis-; un-; re-; dis-;over-; under-; non-; sub-; pre-; post-; co-; ex-; bi-这些都是比较活跃的前缀，其构词能力非常强。

in-, il-, im-, ir-（加在形容词和名词前）showing a negative, an opposite, or a lack

例词informal 非真实的；inaccurate不准确的；irregular不规则的；irresponsible 不负责任的；illegal非法的；illogical不合理的：impolite不礼貌的；imbalanced 不平衡的

mis-1. bad or badly; 2. wrong or wrongly; 3. showing an opposite or the lack of sth

例词misfortune 不幸，厄运；misbehave 行为不端；miscalculation 计算错误；misunderstand误解；mistrust不信任

re-(尤用于动词前)1. again; 2. again in a new and better way; 3. back to a former state

例词rebroadcast重播；rewrite重写；reunite重聚；retell复述； reform改革

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un-1. (especially in adjectives and adverbs)（译：尤其是在形容词和副词当中）showing a negative , a lack, or an opposite;2. (esp. in verbs)showing an opposite; 例词unhappy, unfair不公平的, unload卸货, uncover揭露 dis-1. showing an opposite or negative; 2. shows the stopping or removing of the stated condition; 3. (esp. in verbs)to take away; remove

例词dislike（不喜欢）, dishonest, disappear, discontented不满足的, disapprove不同意; disconnect切断； over- 1. too much; 2. above, beyond, across; 3. outer, covering（覆盖）在外的；4. additional（除此之外的）

例词overpopulation人口过剩；overhanging下垂的；overcoat外套；overtime加班；

under-1. too little; 2. going underneath; 3. inner, beneath others在…内; 4. less important or lower in rank

例词underdeveloped, undercooked未煮熟的; understaffed人员配备不足的；underexpose 曝光不足，underfeed给…太少的食物，未喂饱, underestimate低估，看轻

non-1. (esp. in adjectives and nouns)showing a negative２．(esp. in nouns) not deserving the stated name

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例词 nonalcoholic不含酒精的；nonstick不粘锅的，nonstandard, non-smoker, non-monopoly非垄断的，非独占的，nonparty, nonprofessional；non-event枯燥无味的活动；

It was a really bad book --- a non-story with non-characters. 这是一本蹩脚的书---情节单调，人物缺乏生气。

sub-1. under, below; 2. less important or powerful or of lower rank than; 3. part of the stated bigger whole分支; 4.（derog）similar to, but not as good as or not real仿；5. (esp, tech) almost 近于 例词subzero 零下的；subway 地铁；subcommittee（委员会下设）专门小组；subtitle副标题；subsection分支，分部；sub-Victorian仿维多利亚的； subtropical亚热带的；subadult, subeditor, subagent, subhuman, subarea, subdivide, pre-1. before; 2. in advance

例词preschool 学龄前的； prearranged预先安排的，预定的； post- after, later than

例词postwar, postgraduate, postmeridian午后的，下午发生的， co-1. together, with; 2. doing something with someone else 和… 一起做；副

例词coexist共存； coeducation 男女同校制；coauthor合著者；copilot副驾驶员（飞机） co-owner, co-worker(同事), cooperate（合作）, coeducation, ex-former (still living)

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例词ex-con, ex-husband, ex-president

semi – 半； ultra – 外，极； trans- 跨越，移植； inter-之间的，相互的；super-超级的，上层的；fore-先的；self- 自我的，自动的；anti- 反，防； vice-副； uni-单的； bi- 双的；multi-多的； auto- 自动的

antisocial, expresident, self-important 自大的；self-control自控；interact相互作用；transport; ultraviolet 紫外线的；ultrasonic超声的；semi-final半决赛；semiconductor半导体；vice-president; vice-captain; unilateral; uniform（一致的；制服）; multinational; multistage多级；automation（自动化操作）, automobile… 给下列词汇填上恰当的前缀

agree, logical, possibility, play, fit, weight, paid, production, nuclear, linear, resistance, average, branch, central, examination, exist, face, star, heir, author, wife, girlfriend, basic(二元的)，facial，

后缀

后缀与前缀的不同之处在于，后缀的主要作用是改变词性。因此，我们在语法的基础上将后缀分为名词后缀，动词后缀，形容词后缀等。

名词后缀：

a. –er, -ee; -or; -ist（信仰…主义的人；…操作者；…家；）; -ian（与…有联系的人，精通…的人，钻研…的人， …地方的人）; -ese; -ant/-ent（起…作用的人）构成表示人或无的名词

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