中级口译翻译讲义

3. 表达。考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文，尤其注意不能扭曲原意，不能错译或漏译。

4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照，看看译文是否忠实于原文，是否通顺易懂，是否符合汉语规范。

二、 英汉翻译的基本方法 1） 直译与意译

literal translation free translation

直译指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译；意译是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文做相应的调整。如：

例1.Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work.

Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work.

直译：

意译：

例2.The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the picture speaks for themselves.

直译：

意译：

2）顺译法（又名句型对应法）

顾名思义，顺译法（句型对应法）就是按原文句子结构的排列顺序进行翻译，这种译法适合于原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句翻译，如只含名词性从句的复合句、前置的状语从句或从句在后的长复合句等等。

As an obedient son, I had to accept my parents’ decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.

3）倒译法

倒译法就是颠倒原文句子结构的排列顺序来进行翻译。

例1: The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth.

例2：The football students can be removed from the university if they fail to pass their examination.

例3：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements --- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

4)分译法

分译法，又称拆译法，也是一种基本的句法变通手段。从被分译成份的结构而言，分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从句的分译三种。

单词的分译即拆词，将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来，另作处理，这种方法常常引起