中古英语时期

1) politically, an enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution, ―Pantisocracy‖ a fiery foe of the rights of man,

a government, based upon the will of the propertied classes only 1）在政治上，法国大革命的狂热支持者，“Pantisocracy” 的人的权利火热的敌人，

一个政府，基于只有有产阶级的意志，,

2) religiously, a pious Christian, 2）宗教，一个虔诚的基督徒， 3) artistically, art, the medium between man and nature,

poetry, the flower of all human knowledge, thoughts, passions and feelings,

art, the only permanent revelation of the nature of reality, 3）艺术，艺术，人与自然之间的介质， 诗歌，人类所有知识，思想，激情和感情之花， 艺术，对现实本质的唯一常设的启示，

4) philosophically and critically, opposing the limited and rationalistic trends of the 18th-century thought,

advocating a more spiritual and religious interpretation of life. 4）从哲学和批判，反对18世纪思想的有限理性和发展趋势，

崇尚生活的更加精神和宗教的解释。 （2）Major works

1) ―The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‖ 2) ―Kubla Khan‖ 1）“古舟子咏” 2）“忽必烈汗”

（3）Special features

1) a lyrical poet and literary critic of the first rank,

2) the demonic group, mysticism and demonism with strong imagination,

the conversational group, an allied theme: the desire to go home, to ―an improved infancy‖ 1）一个抒情诗人和第一流的文学评论家，

2）恶魔群，神秘主义和信仰魔鬼具有很强的想象力，

该会话组，一个联盟的主题：回家，到“一种改进的婴儿期”的愿望， 3) giving close critical attention to language,

maintaining that the true end of poetry is to give pleasure ―through the medium of beauty‖. 3）语言给予密切关注的关键，

维护诗歌的真正到底是“通过美的语言”带来乐趣。 （4）Selected reading ―Kubla Khan‖

Main idea, a poem about poetry,

a pleasure-dome and elaborate gardens: a type of the artist,

the glorious creation, a balanced reconciliation of the natural and the artificial,

reflecting Coleridge’s subconscious ruminations on poetry, paradise, and the heights and the depth of his own unfathomable intellectual and spiritual being.

5.George Gordon Byron (1788 - 1824) 乔治·戈登·拜伦（1788年至1824年） （1） Points of view

1) politically, a strong passion for liberty, an intense hatred for all tyrants, appealing for the liberty of the oppressed nations, exalting the great fighters for freedom in history; 政治上，强烈的激情自由，强烈的仇恨所有暴君，呼吁被压迫民族的自由，高举自由历史上伟大的战士;

2) artistically, continuing in the tradition of classicism advocating by the writers of the enlightenment in the 18th century, showing contempt for the commonplace and vulgarity of the ―Lake Poets‖. 气韵，由启蒙于18世纪的作家继续在古典主义崇尚的传统，表现出蔑视司空见惯和“湖畔诗人”的超凡脱俗 （2）Major works

1) Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗德游记\2) Cain该隐

3) Don Juan唐璜

（3） Special features

1) exerting great influence on the Romantic Movement: attacks on ―cant political, religious, and moral‖, the novelty of his oriental scenery,

the romantic character of the Byronic hero,

the easy, fluent, and natural beauty of his verse; 1）施加巨大影响力的浪漫主义运动： 在“着政治，宗教和道德”的攻击， 他的东方风景的新颖性， 在拜伦式英雄的浪漫性格，

轻松，流畅，自然美景他的诗歌的;

2) diction: having a freedom, copiousness and vigor;

3) descriptions: simple and fresh; 2）用词：具有自由，丰裕和活力; 3）说明：简单而清新;

4) the glowing imagination of the poet rising and sinking with the tones of his enthusiasm, roughing into argument, or softening into the melody feeling and sentiments; 4）诗人的想象力泛着上升，并与他的热情，粗加工的色调沉入参数，或软化成旋律感觉和情绪;

5) employing the Ottva Rima (Octave Stanza 八行诗节) from Italian mock-heroic poetry. 来自意大利的模拟英雄诗歌采用Ottva玛（八度诗节八行诗节）。 （4）. Selected reading

“She Walks in Beauty”

6.Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822) 珀西·比希·雪莱 （1） Points of view

1) politically, a revolutionary, a democrat,

fighting all his life against cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society在政治上，一个革命者，一个民主主义者，

争取他对残酷，不公正，权力，宗教机构和受社会尊敬的正式沙姆斯所有的生命

2) literarily, a triumphant praise of the imagination, exalting the role of poetry, poetry alone could free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers, 文采飞扬，想象力的胜利的赞美，颂扬诗歌的作用，单独诗歌可以自由的人，并提供心灵的权力更广泛的观点，

poetry ―is a direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being‖. 诗“是我们内部存在的行动和激情的直接表示”。 （2）. Major works

1) Prometheus Unbound (1819) 2) “Ode to the West Wind” (1819)

3) In Defence of Poetry (1822) 1）解放了的普罗米修斯（1819） 2）“西风颂风”（1819） 3）在诗（1822国防）

（3） Special features

1) poetry: having a variety of poetical style; rich in myth, symbols and classical allusions; having a strong dramatic power; having an intellectual thought, leading to a spirituality of vision; 1）诗：具有各种诗意的风格，丰富的神话，象征和典故，有一个强烈的戏剧力量;有一个知识分子的思想，导致视力的灵性; 2) personification and metaphor and other figures of speech2）拟人和比喻和言论的其他人物 （4）Selected reading ―Ode to the West Wind‖ Main idea

the west wind: a powerful phenomenon of the nature that is both a destroyer and preserver; enjoying boundless freedom, and having the power to spread messages far and wide;

the keynote: wish for himself and his fellow men to share the freedom of the west wind, remembering meanwhile his own and common human miseries; the dominate mood: of hope rather than despair;

the optimism expressed in the last two lines showing the poet’s critical attitude toward the ugly social reality of his day and his faith in a bright future for humanity. “西风颂风” 大意

西风：那既是一个破坏者和保护者的性质强大的现象;享受着无边的自由，并具有传播信息无远弗届的力量; 主题演讲：希望为自己和他的同胞分享西风的自由，同时想起了自己和人类共同的苦难; 的主导情绪：希望而不是绝望;

在最后两行显示对他的一天，他的信仰在一个光明的未来人类的丑恶社会现实诗人的批评态度的乐观情绪表达 7.John Keats (1795 - 1821) 约翰·济慈 （1） Points of view

1) politically, a moderate radical in comparison with Byron and Shelley, against political oppression,

horrified by the savage poverty and the human degradation he saw among the Scottish and Irish peasants; 在政治上，一个与拜伦与雪莱比较温和激进， 反对政治压迫，

由野蛮贫困，他看到了苏格兰和爱尔兰农民的人类退化吓坏了; 2) literarily, poetry, a release from misery, a vehicle to paradise,

the lofty mission: working for the welfare of the people, 文采飞扬，诗歌，从苦难，车辆释放到天堂， 崇高的使命：致力于为人民的福利，

the dominant thoughts and feelings: the world of nature is beautiful; the realms of art, poetry and imagination are wonderful; but the existing human society contains inescapable and irremediable misery’ 占主导地位的思想和感情：自然世界是美丽的艺术，诗歌和想象的境界是美好的，但现有的人类社会包含不可避免的，无法弥补的痛苦

his concerns: how the ideal can be joined with the real, and the imagined with the actual, 他的关注：如何将理想与现实连合，想象与实际，

the theme: the lasting power of beauty and its union with truth. 主题：美丽和真理工会的持久动力。 （2）Special features

1) poetry, sensuous colorful and rich in imagery expressing the acuteness of his senses’ 诗歌，感性的多彩和丰富的意象表达他的感觉的剧烈“

2) having the power of entering the feeling of others, either human or animal’ 具有进入他人的感觉的动力，无论是人类或动物的

3) diction: beautiful words and phrases which sound musical, 文辞：美丽的文字和它听起来的乐句，

drawing diction, style and imagery from works Shakespeare, Milton and Dante. 绘图文辞，风格和莎士比亚的作品，弥尔顿和但丁形象。 （3）Selected reading

“Ode to a Nightingale” “夜莺颂”Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.'（出自希腊故梦颂） 8.Jane Austen(1775 -1817)简奥斯汀 （1）Points of view

1) politically and religiously: the ideals of the landlord class

2) literarily, a writer of the earlier realist school, 1）在政治上和宗教上：地主阶级的理想 2）文采飞扬，早期写实派的作家， （2）Special features

1) main concern: human beings in their personal relations, 2) subject: a narrow sphere,

3) genre: realistic novels with keen observation and penetrating analysis, 4) the use of dialogues,

5) language: simple, easy, lucid and economical. 1）主要关注：人类在他们的个人关系， 2）主题：一个狭窄的领域，

3）流派：现实主义小说与敏锐的观察和深入的分析， 4）利用对话，

5）语言：简单，方便，清晰的和经济的。

（3） A brief analysis of Pride and prejudice傲慢与偏见的简要分析 1) Story and theme

story: the heroine Elizabeth Bonnet, the hero Fitzwilliam Darcy; a minor couple Jane Bonnet and Darcy’s friend Charles Bingley. theme: pride and prejudice;

love and marriage. 故事：女主人公伊丽莎白帽，英雄菲茨威廉达西; 未成年情侣简阀盖和达西的朋友查尔斯彬。 主题：傲慢与偏见; 爱情和婚姻。 2) characterization

characters revealed by comparison and contrast通过比较和对比揭示人物 A) Wickham --- Darcy,

B) Miss Bingley --- Elizabeth,

C) Elizabeth’s attitude to marriage and Charlotte's, Mr. Collins’ pride and Darcy’s pride, D) Lady Catherine and Mrs. Bonnet A）韦翰---达西， B）彬格莱---伊丽莎白小姐

C）伊丽莎白的态度，婚姻和夏洛特的，柯林斯先生的骄傲和达西的骄傲， D）咖苔琳夫人和阀盖太太 3) Irony讽刺

在言语反讽，情境反讽

the verbal irony, the situational irony 4）Feminism: 女性主义： 开始：18世纪后期

beginning: the late 18th century

aim: the social, educational, and political equality of women with men, 目标：妇女与男子的社会，教育和政治上的平等，

Feminist criticism, a critical literary approach, 女性主义批评，一个重要的文艺方针，