中古英语时期

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3rd the Restoration复辟时期 17世纪背景复杂，社会动荡混乱 一．Major writer: John Milton, John Bunyan 1．John Milton (1608 - 1674)约翰.弥尔顿 （1） Points of view

A humanist: his passionate belief in free belief, his zeal for knowledge, his respect for truth; 人文主义：他在自由的信仰热情的信念，他的热情，对知识，他尊重真理;

God --- representing power and love, the rule of reason in the universe and in the soul of man; his wishes --- ―contribute to the progress of real and substantial liberty, which is to be sought for not from without, but from within 他的愿望---“贡献的真正实质和自由，这是要寻求不从没有进展，但是从内 （2）Major works 1. Lycidas (1637)

2. Paradise Lost (1667) 《失乐园》 A twelve-book epic in blank verse;

The original story: Genesis 3: 1-24 of the Bible; The theme: ―fall of man‖;

The central conflict and contrast: good vs. evil --- heaven and hell, light and darkness, order and chaos, love and hate. humility and pride, reason and passion. 一个十二本书史诗空白诗句; 原来的故事：创世纪3：圣经1-24; 主题：“人的堕落”;

中央的冲突和反差：善与恶---天堂与地狱，光明与黑暗，秩序混乱，爱与恨。谦逊和骄傲，理性与激情。

3. Paradise Regained (1671)《复乐园》 A four-book epic in blank verse;

main idea: Based on the Gospels, it shows Christ in the wilderness withstanding Satan’s temptation, thereby proving his fitness for his ultimate trial and, in his human role, showing what humankind might achieve through strong integrity and humble obedience to the divine will. 一个四本书史诗空白诗句;

主要思想：基于福音，它显示了基督在旷野承受撒旦的诱惑，从而证明他的体能为他的最终审判，并在他的人类角色，显示什么可能导致人类通过强有力的诚信和谦逊顺服神的意志实现。 4. Samson Agonistes (1671)《力士参孙》

Partly in blank verse, partly in unrhymed choric verse of varied line length;

Main idea: It depicts Samaon, betrayed by Dalila and blinded by the Philistines, defeating his captors at the cost of his life. 部分无韵诗，部分在不同的线路长度的无韵诗合唱曲; 主要思想：它描述Samaon，由达利拉背叛和非利士人蒙蔽，击败他的俘虏在他生命的代价。 （3）Special features

Style ---the rich and complex texture,

---the multiplicity of its classical (Biblical and mythological) references, ---the wealth of ornament and decoration. Subjects --- lofty and magnificent, Endings --- lifelike, （3）特殊功能 风格---丰富而复杂的质感，

---其经典（圣经和神话）引用的多样性， ---财富装饰装修的。 主题---崇高，宏伟的， 结局---栩栩如生，

2. John Bunyan (1628 - 1688)约翰.班扬 （1） Points of view

A devout Christian, a firm non-conformist of the Anglican Church; The best way of life --- adherence to the Biblical doctrines;

Man’s final salvation --- achieving by one’s own spiritual struggle. 一个虔诚的基督徒，坚定不循规蹈矩的圣公会;

生活---坚持圣经教义的最佳途径;

男人的最后的救赎---按照自己精神的奋斗实现。 （2）Major works

1. The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》 In allegorical form;

Condemning the vices of sloth, hypocrisy, arrogance, indulgence in pleasure-seeking, falsehood;

Eulogizing perseverance, firmness in belief, unyielding will, unfading courage;

Urging people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness and all kinds of social evils. 以寓言的形式; 谴责懒惰的恶习，虚伪，傲慢，沉溺于享乐，谬误; 讴歌的毅力，坚定的信仰，不屈的意志，不褪色的勇气;

呼吁人们以基督教教义，遵守并通过自己的弱点不断斗争和各种社会丑恶现象寻求救赎。 1. Paradise Lost

Satan addresses to Beelzebub, his second-in-command, a speech of proud rebellion. God may have proved Himself the stronger, but Satan will not repent, nor will he cease to defy God. Though the field is lost, he will plan revenge. In spite of the great loss they have suffered, Satan’s forces are still strong and still immortal. And their experience has made them wiser. 1 。失乐园

撒旦地址，魔王，他的第二号命令，一个值得骄傲的叛乱讲话。上帝可能已经证明了自己的强大，但撒旦不会悔改，他也不会停止违抗上帝。虽然本场输了，他将计划报复。尽管他们所遭受的巨大损失，撒旦的势力依然强劲，仍然不灭。他们的经验使他们更聪明。 2. The Pilgrim’s Progress

―The Vanity Fair‖ is a well-known section. Here the writer’s condemnation of the vices of his society is most strongly expressed. The Vanity Fair allegorically refers to the real world where people have become so degenerated that all they are concerned about is to buy and sell everything they can. By making the truth-seeking pilgrims suffer at the hands of the people of Vanity Fair, the author makes his readers conscious of the prevalent political and religious persecution of his time, the hard lot of the simple, honest people, their spiritual sufferings at a time of great changes, and their aspiration for a better life. 2 。在天路历程

“名利场”是一个众所周知的部分。在这里，他的社会恶习的作家的谴责是最强烈表达。名利场寓言是指现实世界中，人们已经变得如此堕落，所有他们关心的是购买和出售一切所能。通过使求实朝圣者在遭受名利场的人手中，作者让他的读者意识到他那个时代的普遍的政治和宗教迫害，硬很多简单的，诚实的人，他们的精神痛苦在一时间的巨大变化，他们渴望更好的生活。

4th the Enlightenment Period启蒙主义运动时期 第二次大繁荣 一．The enlightenment movement 1.When: the 18th century,

What: an intellectual movement, 一个思想运动，

The essence: an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism, 反对封建主义的资产阶级斗争的一种表现

The aim: fighting against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism, 对阶级不平等，停滞，偏见和封建主义残余等战斗，

Attempting to place all branches of science at the service of mankind. ， 试图把科学的所有分支在人类服务

2. The English Enlighteners英国启蒙

Striving to bring the bourgeois revolution to an end by clearing away the feudal remnants and replacing them by bourgeois ideology 力争通过扫清封建残余和资产阶级思想代替他们把资产阶级革命结束

3. Definition of the Enlightenment

一 A progressive intellectual movement, with France in the vanguard, celebrating reason (rationality), equality, Science and human beings’ ability to perfect启蒙运动的定义 一渐进的智力运动，与法国的先锋，庆祝的理由（合理性），平等，科学和人类的完善能力 themselves and their society, The basic theories:

John Locke --- materialism, Lord Shaftsbury --- Deism,

George Berkeley --- immaterialism, David Hume --- skepticism基本理论： 约翰·洛克---唯物主义， 沙夫茨伯里勋爵---自然神论， 乔治·伯克利--- immaterialism， 大卫·休谟怀疑论---

二 Holding the common faith in human持有人的共同信仰 Rationality and the possibility of human理性与人类的可能性 Perfection through education, 完美通过教育，

reason --- yardstick for the measurement of human activities and social relation --- superstition, injustice, privilege, oppression --- ―eternal truth‖,―eternal justice‖, ―natural equality‖,inalienable rights of men.

原因---尺度人类活动的测量和社会关系---迷信，不公正，特权，压迫---“永恒的真理”，“永恒正义”，“自然平等”，人不可剥夺的权利。

三 Significance: Providing theory for French evolution in 1789 and the American War of Independence in 1776. 意义：提供了理论在1789年法国的演变和独立于1776年的美西战争。 二．Neoclassicism, features of the neoclassical literature新古典主义文学，新古典主义，功能 （1）The definition of neoclassicism

what: applying to the classical tendency dominating English literature; when: the last decades of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century;

how: the result of reaction against the fires of

passion having blazed in the late Renaissance, esp. in the Metaphysical poetry;

origin: the artistic models in the classical literature of

ancient Greek and Roman writers and in the contemporary French writers; focus: the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, restrained emotion, accuracy, good taste and decorum;

significance: influencing literature of the coming generations in its clarifying and chastening effect upon English prose style;

establishing the importance of certain classical graces, such as order, good form, unified structure, clarity, conciseness, and restraint. 新古典主义（1）的定义 内容：适用于古典倾向主导的英国文学;

时：过去几十年的17世纪第一个18年上半年 世纪;

如何：反对的火灾反应的结果

有激情闪耀在文艺复兴后期，电除尘器。在形而上学 诗歌;

产地：艺术模型中的古典文学

古希腊和古罗马作家和当代法国作家;

重点：秩序的古典艺术理想，逻辑，比例，抑制 情感性，准确性，口感好和礼仪; 意义：文学影响未来几代人在其 澄清并呼吁英国散文风格惩戒作用;

建立古典气质，如秩序，优美的形式，统一的结构，清晰，简洁，和克制的重要性。 （2）.Features of the neoclassical literature

1. taking the ancient Greek and Roman classical works and contemporary French ones as the literary model; 2. in style: polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual;

3. literature being heavily didactic and moralizing – a very popular means of public education;

4. following some fixed laws and rules;

5. poetry: elegant in structure and diction; noted for its

seriousness and earnestness in tone and constant didacticism;

novels: giving a realistic presentation of life of the common English people新古典主义文学（2）。特点 1。服用古希腊和罗马古典作品和 当代法国的人的文学模式;

2。风格：彬彬有礼，温文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子; 3。文学是充满了说教与道德理念 - 一个非常受欢迎的 是指公众教育;

4。下面的一些固定的法律，法规; 5。诗歌：在结构和文辞典雅，指出其 严肃性和语重心长的语气和不断说教;

小说：给予英国普通百姓的生活现实演示 人