工业含铝废水的处理和利用

摘 要

本文针对工业含铝废水的处理与利用进行了大量的实验研究。实验中检测了工厂所排废水的基本性质，包括废水处理前后的铝离子含量和PH值等，主要运用化学沉淀法，经过中和、沉淀、过滤等操作使废水中的铝离子以氢氧化铝沉淀的方式脱离，然后将沉淀进行处理得到高纯度硫酸铝，使废水PH在6~9达到国家排放标准。该方法的实验原理主要是利用铝为两性金属，在不同的PH值的环境中得到的物质的存在方式不同，通过调节PH值，对其进行沉降、过滤而从滤液中分离。滤液经过测定各项指标，确定符合国家标准直接排放。分离后的固体经过酸处理制成硫酸铝。本实验通过平行实验测出沉淀时的最佳PH值和反应时间等条件，同时对于不同种类的碱性试剂与废水反应所得到的实验结果进行分析，讨论其优缺点和得到沉淀的最好方式。本实验中采用的化学沉淀法具有操作简便，成本低廉，所得产品纯度高的特点。

关键字：铝离子，化学沉淀，PH值，两性

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Abstract

In this thesis, a lot of experiments were carried out to solve the problem of industrial aluminized wastewater treatment and utilization.

At present, a lot of the catalyst used in industry is precious metal catalyst which aluminum oxide is as its carrier. Therefore, waste water discharge contains a lot of aluminum ion. If the alumina contained waste water discharges directly, it can cause certain environmental pollution as well as a serious waste of the aluminum resources. So, the treatments of industrial aluminum-containing waste water are of great significance in improving our environment pollution as well as promoting sustainable industrial development.Basic properties of the plant effluent were tested in this experiment,, including aluminum ion content and PH value before and after the waste water treatment, and chemical precipitation was mainly used, through sedimentation, filtration and other operations to make aluminum hydroxide in the wastewater precipitated out in this way, and then precipitation was processed to high-purity aluminum sulfate, and the PH of wastewater was 6-9 which reached the national emission standards.In this method, attention should be paid to that in the environment different PH value, the material exist in different ways because aluminum is amphoteric metal.By adjusting the PH, using parallel experiment to measure the best PH value, the reaction time and some other conditions when precipitation appeared, thus high purity alumina was obtained. At the same time, the experimental results which obtained from the reactions of different kinds of alkaline reagents and wastewater were analyzed, and its advantages and disadvantages as well as the best way to get precipitation were discussed. This chemical precipitation in the experiment is easy to operate and costs low. Moreover, its products are of high purity.

Key word: aluminum ion, chemical precipitation, PH value, amphoteric

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目录

1. 文献综述 .......................................................... 7

1.1 工业废水的种类 ................................................ 7 1.2 工业废水的处理方法 ............................................ 8

1.2.1 国内外污水处理流程 ...................................... 8 1.2.2 工业废水的处理方法 ...................................... 8 1.3 含铝废水的处理方案 ........................................... 14

1.3.1 含铝废水合成铵明矾 ..................................... 14 1.3.2 含铝废水制备超细氧化铝 ................................. 15 1.3.3 水处理剂聚合氯化铝的制备新研究 ......................... 16 1.3.5利用铝制品漂洗废水制备碱式氯化铝 ........................ 19

2. 实验部分 ......................................................... 21

2.1 实验试剂 ..................................................... 21 2.2 实验仪器 ..................................................... 22 2.2 废水水样的测定 ............................................... 23

2.2.1 水样PH的测定 .......................................... 23 2.2.3 废水主要指标 ........................................... 29 2.3 实验过程 ..................................................... 29

2.3.1 化学沉淀法 ............................................. 29 2.3.2 硫酸铝的制备 ........................................... 31 2.4 其他方法制得硫酸铝 ........................................... 32

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2.4.1 用碳酸钠代替氢氧化钠 ................................... 32 2.4.2 用氨水代替氢氧化钠 ..................................... 34 2.4.3 用磷酸钠代替氢氧化钠 ................................... 35

3 结果与讨论 ........................................................ 37

3.1 铝标准曲线的绘制 ............................................. 37 3.2 试剂量的控制 ................................................. 38 3.3 废水初浓度的控制影响 ......................................... 39 4 结论 .............................................. 错误！未定义书签。

参考文献 ..................................................... 41

致谢 ................................................................ 43

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