3、初高中英语衔接教材编写

初高中衔接教学 ? 英语

二、代词

种类 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称代词 I, we, me, us you we, he, she, it 物主代词 my, our, mine, ours your, yours his, her, its, hers, theirs 反身代词 myself, ourselves yourself,yourselves himself, herself, itself, themselves 指示代词 不定代词 this, that, these, those, such, the same all, both, neither, none, either, each, many, few, little,another, much, one, ones, some, any以及no-/some-/any-/every-+body/one/thing 疑问代词 相互代词 Exercises:

1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best.

A. coffee cup B. coffee’s cup C. cup of coffee D. coffee of cup 2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures. A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news

3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers. A. wealth; work B. wealth; works C. wealths ; works D. wealths ; work 4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him. A. Few B. A little C. Quite a few D. Little

5. The post office isn’t far from here. It’s only bicycle ride.

A. half an hours’ B. an hour and a half C. half an hour D. half an hour’s 6. The population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people. A. are ; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are 7. —Would you like to have ,Tom? —No, thanks, l have had enough.

A. any more orange and apples B. some more oranges and apples C. any more oranges and apples D. some more oranges and apple 8. —Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee? — , please.

A. teas; Two tea B. tea; Two tea C. tea; Two teas D. teas; Two teas

9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldn’t believe it, looking at him in .

A. such big surprise; a surprise B. such a big surprise; surprise

who, whom, whose, what, which each, other, one, another, each other’s, one another’s -63-

初高中衔接教学 ? 英语

C. so big surprise; a surprise D. such big surprise; surprise 10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much.

A. Jack’s and Jerry’s B. Jack’s and Jerry C. Jack’s and Jerry B. Jack and Jerry’s 11. —How much water is there in the bottle?

— .You’d better come to fetch another bottle. A. A little B. Nothing C. No one D. None

12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met.

A. the other boys B. other boys C. any boy D. another boy

三、形容词

一、成分 成 分 定 语 表 语 宾语补足语 状 语 例 句 One of the most common languages used for creating web pages is called HTML. Who is the greatest woman writer alive in the world? After getting her hair cut, she looked even more beautiful With the window open, many things in the shop were stolen at night. The bird fell onto the ground, dead.

二、比较级

此外，初中还安排了形容词比较级、最高级的语法点学习。其变化规则如下表： 规 则 单音节形容词在词尾加-er；-est 以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r；-st 以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er；-est 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i，然后加-er；-est 多音节形容词前加more变比较级；加the most变最高级 -64-

原 级 high few large wide 比较级 higher fewer larger wider 最高级 highest fewest largest widest thin big hot thinner bigger hotter thinnest biggest hottest happy funny happier funnier happiest funniest beautiful interesting more beautiful more interesting the most beautiful the most interesting 初高中衔接教学 ? 英语

部分不规则的形容词变化如下表： 原级 good bad/ill many/much little far old 三、具体用法

1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very, quite, so, too. 例如： He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至不能再继续走了。

My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。 2、含有as?as（与?一样）的原级表达句式。例如： Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 Tom is twice as old as Kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。 Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。 【注意】

1、否定形式not as?as 也可以用成not so?as“不如??不及??。”例如： He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。 This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。

2、可以修饰比较级的词much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far(??得多)，a little, a bit(??一点儿)，even(甚至)，still(仍然)，any(用于否定、疑问句中)。例如：

Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before. 汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。 This train runs much faster than that one. 这辆火车比那辆跑得快。

She drives still more carefully than her husband. 她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 【典型例题】

1、The experiment was easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much

答案C。much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more. 2、最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较，常与of?，in?连用。例如：

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。→ The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河都长。

Of all the planets, the Mercury is the nearest to the sun. 在所有的行星中，水星离太阳最近。 3、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越??”。例如： He is getting taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了.

The flowers are more and more beautiful. 花儿越来越漂亮。 4、“the + 比较级…the+比较级”表示“越??，就越??”。例如：

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 【典型例题】

children there are in a family, their life will be.

A. The less, the better B. The fewer, the better C. Fewer, richer D. More, poorer

比较级 better worse more less farther/further older/elder 最高级 best worst most least farthest/furthest oldest/eldest -65-

初高中衔接教学 ? 英语

答案B。由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好。”children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。 四、形容词与不定代词的搭配连用

当形容词和不定代词something, anything, noting, everything连用时，这些代词应放在前面，形容词在后面。例如：

Do you have anything interesting to tell us all today? 今天有啥有趣的事情跟我们大家说说吗？ Take it easy. There is nothing serious with your disease, which is just a cold. 别紧张，你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。 【典型例题】

I have to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something 答案B。形容词修饰不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D。句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something. 五、形容词与enough的搭配连用

当形容词enough和不定代词连用时，形容词放在前面，enough在后面。例如：Charlie was lucky enough to have been taken to the Loch Ness with families. 查理足够幸运地被家人带着去过尼斯湖。 【注意】

1. 只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little, wooden , golden, many, elder…不能说The boy is little. The watch is golden / wooden.

2. 只能作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well, ill, alone, content, unable, worth, afraid, alive, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware…例如：an ill boy, an alone village就是用错的短语。可以说an ill idea“坏点子”，ill当定语时是转义，不是“有病的”了。

3. 英语形容顺序

当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列？为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循？

如果你记住下列口决：好美小高状其新，颜色国料特别近。那你就能掌握英语中系列形容词做前置定语时的排列问题。

“好”代表评价性的形容词，如nice, good, kind等；

“美”指描述物体给人的心理感受的形容词，如beautiful, pretty, handsome, ugly, good-looking, lovely等；

“小”指描述物体大小的形容词，如small, big, large, little等；

“高”指描述物体的高低/矮的形容词，如tall, high, short, deep, wide, shallow, thick等； “状”指描述物体形状的形容词。如round, square, narrow等; “其”是整个口诀中的语气词，无含义。

“新”指描述物体新旧的形容词。如new, old young等。

“颜色”就是red, green, blue, pink, black, yellow, purple这类词语。

“国”也就是描述国籍类的形容词。如Chinese, Germany, Russian, Spanish等。

“料”指描述物体制成所用的材料。如plastic, metal, wood, aluminum, wool, cotton, glass, steel等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。 4. 英语同源形容词的区别

在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错。 v-ing 表示事物的特征 frightening 令人恐惧的 -66-

v-ed 表示人的心理感受 Frightened对??感到恐惧