新外研版初三下讲义（重要知识点） - 图文

时go为系动词，意为“变成”，后接形容词作表语。】The boy went blind at the age of four. 11. We’d better get you to hospital.我们最好送你去医院。 12. I’ll call for help on my mobile. 我要打手机求助。【call for help on one’s mobile 意为“打手机求助”】 13. It’s nothing serious. 没什么大事。 Nothing serious意为“不很严重，没什么大事”。修饰不定代词时形容词要置于被修饰词之后。 14. Tony, tell everyone we have to call off the walk and go back home. 托尼，告诉大家我们必须取消这次徒步活动并且回家。【call off，意为“取消”相当于cancel。We canceled our appointment.】 15. timely revision及时的复习(revise v.)；review v./n.复习；occasion场合；地方 16. Why did Mr. Jackson decide to go and look for Tony and Daming? 为什么杰克逊先生决定去寻找托尼和大明？【decide用作及物动词，意为“决定”，可接名词、代词、动词不定式及从句作宾语。We have decided to go to France for our holidays. decide的名词为decision, make a decision意为“作决定”。Tom is old enough to make a decision by himself.】 17. He was afraid of going blind because he hit his head. 他害怕失明因为他碰倒了头。【be afraid of意为“害怕”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 A. be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事； B. be afraid+that 从句 担心…】 18. It happened on my way to school. 它发生在我上学的路上。【on one’s way to…意为“在某人去…的路上”，后接地点名词。当后面接地点副词（home，there, here等）时，要省略介词to】 19. I fell off my bike. 我从自行车上摔了下来。【fall off意为“跌落；从…上掉下来”，后直接接宾语】 fall off fall down fall over 强调“跌落，从…上掉下来”，后直接接宾语，相当于fall down from 强调“滑落，倒下”，后接宾语时应加上介词from 强调―向前摔倒，跌倒‖ The girl fell off the bike.= The girl fell down from the bike. The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down. There is too much snow on the ground. Be careful, or you will fall over. Unit 2 20. Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier, longer lives. 多亏更好的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康、更长寿。【thanks to意为“多亏；由于”，常引导状语，多引出好的原因。 health care意为“医疗保健(服务)”】 thanks to thanks for 是介词短语，意为―多亏；由于‖ 意为―因某事而感谢‖，后接感谢的原因 Thanks to your help, we all passed the exam. Thanks for your help. Thanks for telling me. 拓展：due to因为；owing to由于；because of因为 21. Most people are living healthier and longer lives.大多数人生活得更健康更长寿。 22. Someone (who is born today) can expect to live about thirty-five years longer than someone (who was born in the nineteenth century.) 今天出生的人有望比19世纪出生的人多活大约35年。 1) expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.期盼(某人)做某事。其名词为expectation. 2) thirty-five years longer than意为“比…长35年”。在比较级前可加岁数、倍数等词。 3) in the nineteenth century 意为“在19世纪”。“in+the+序数词+century‖表示 ―在…世纪‖。 23. It is even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays.人们甚至认为将来会有越来越多的人庆祝他们的百岁生日。【比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越…‖,表示程度的增加。如果形容词或副词的比较级是在其前加more构成的，表达 ―越来越…”时应用 ―more and more+原级‖这一结构 Your English is getting better and better.注意：如果形容词、副词为多音节时，表达 ―越来越…”的结构为：more and more +adj./adv.】 24. Here are five rules for a healthy life. 这是健康生活的五条原则。【此处句式为Here be开头的完全倒装句，意为“这是…；这儿有…‖,be动词的数应与后面的主语保持一致。】 25. To keep fit, you have to walk at least10,000 steps every day. 为了保持健康，你必须每天至少走10000步。 1) keep fit意为“保持健康”，相当于keep healthy/keep in good health/condition. 2) at least意为“至少”，其反义短语为at most，意为“至多”。其中least是little的最高级。 26. In the past, people’s jobs required more physical effort. 过去，人们的工作需要更多的体力劳动。 1) require 为及物动词，意为“需要，要求”。主要有以下用法： 接名词作宾语 This job requires strength. 接不定式作宾语补足语 They required us to help them. 接that从句(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中should 可省略)。She required that I (should)go at once. 接动名词主动式或不定式被动式 This computer requires repairing next month.=This computer requires to be 17

repaired next month. 2) effort常作不可数名词，意为“力气；精力”，表泛指意义。It’s a waste of time and effort. 27. Think about it: Do you spend the same time exercising today as they did in the past?考虑一下：你有过去的人们那样的运动量吗？【spend动词，意为“花费”。spend time/money doing/on sth. 花费时间/金钱（做）某事，其主语为人】 28. It is important to eat food (that is fresh and natural), for example, fruit and vegetables.要吃新鲜的、自然的食物，例如，水果和蔬菜，这一点很重要。【句式分析：it is + adj. + to do sth.。不定式中又含有定语从句。】 29. You should only have it once in a while.你应该只是偶尔吃点。【once in a while意为“偶尔；有时；间或”，一般放在句末，偶尔出现在句首】 30. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health. 吃太多不好的食物对你的健康有害。【harm动词，意为“伤害；损害”，多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位及精神上受到伤害】 1) harm也可以作名词，意为“伤害；损害”，常用短语：do harm to意为“对…有害”。Smoking does harm to your health. 2) harmful为形容词，意为“有害的”，常用短语：be harmful to意为“对…有害”Freeing winter is harmful to orange trees. 3) harmless无害的 31. When we were babies, we slept for much of the night.当我们还是婴儿时，我们晚上的大部分时间都在睡觉。 32. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it is important for you to get about eight hours’ sleep at night.【注意用法：as + much uN. + as。eight hours’ sleep为名词所有格的特殊用法：时间’s +名词。例：a five-minute walk = a five minutes’ walk】 33. …so use it not must for your friends, but for rest too.【句型：not…but…意思为―不是...而是...‖。He helped not me but you. You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do.】 34. Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health.很多人认为快乐对于我们整体健康来说重要。 35. Sometimes it’s not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. 有时当一名青少年是不容易的， 因为要面临学校、考试或者友谊的难题。【difficulties是名词difficulty的复数形式。difficulty意为“困难，难题‖， 表示具体的难处、难事、麻烦时，是可数名词。Have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为 ―做某事有困难‖。 Older students were having difficulty in studying and organizing themselves.】 36. If you are worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher.如果你担心什么的话，就要和你的父母或老师说说。【be worried about意为“为…担心”，其中worried的形容词，about为介词，所以其后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语； worry about意为“为…担忧”，其中worry是动词】 37. Say no to smoking!拒绝吸烟！ 【say no/yes to…意为“向…说不/行‖,即 ―拒绝/同意‖。Did you say yes to her invitation?】 38. according to根据；按照 39. However, if you are always sitting on the sofa and do no exercise at all, you will put on weight and harm your health.然而你总是坐在沙发上而根本不锻炼， 你将会增肥， 并且会损害你的健康。【not…at all意为“根本（不），一点（也不）‖，用于否定句；在否定句中，at all通常位于句末，也可跟在否定词后。He isn’t tired at all./He’s not at all tired. put on weight增加体重；反义词组为lose weight。】 40. Doctors say you should exercise for at least half an hour each day.医生说你每天至少应该锻炼半个小时。 Unit 3 41. To put him away from the cooker, she hit his arm with a piece of wood that was lying by the back door. 为了使他脱离厨具，她用躺在后门的一根木棍打他的胳膊。【pull away意为“使离开，（使）脱身；逃脱‖，常与介词from连用; pull together 齐心协力；pull sth. out of…把某物从…拉出来。】 42. What’s that you’re wearing around your stomach?围在你肚子上的是什么？ 43. You’re taking a sudden interest in exercise.你对锻炼突然有了兴趣。 44. I have put on a lot of weight. I should spend some time exercising.我胖了不少。我应该花一些时间来锻炼。 45. But at least you’ve never taken up smoking.【take up开始从事；接受（提议）；占用】 46. Smoking is the worst thing you can do ro your health.吸烟是对健康最有害的事情。 47. The website introduces some good ways to keep fit.这个网页介绍了一些保持健康的好方法。 48. My grandfather is having a happy life thanks to many years of healthy food and exercise.由于多年的健康食物和锻炼，我的爷爷生活得很幸福。 18

49. Staying up late once in a while is all right, as long as you usually get about eight hours’ sleep a night.【stay up熬夜；as long as只要；和…一样长】 50. Kate asks her father to stop smoking. 凯特请求她父亲戒烟。【ask sb. to do sth.意为“请求某人做某事”，ask sb. not to do sth.意为“请求某人不要做某事”，不定式在句中作宾语补足语。类似于此种用法的动词（词组）还有want, tell, would like, teach等】 51. Kate tells her father why smoking is also bad for no-smokers.凯特告诉她父亲为什么吸烟也对不吸烟者有害。【be bad for对…有害处】 52. I want to ask you to stop smoking, and it’s too difficult to talk about it face to face.我想请求你戒烟，面对面谈论此事太困难了。【face to face面对面】 53. I’ve looked up a lot of information about smoking and I’ve found out about its dangers. 我已查阅了很多有关吸烟的信息，并发现了它的危害。【look up此处意为“查阅”，为“动词+副词”结构，如果宾语为人称代词，要放在look与up之间。 look up还意为“抬头看；仰视”。】 54. I’ve found out that it causes many illnesses. 我发现它会引起很多疾病。【illness名词，意为“病，疾病”，是由形容词ill加后缀-ness构成的合成词。illness强调疾病的种类时，用作可数名词；表示抽象含义，强调生病的状况时，用作不可数名词。 由形容词加后缀-ness构成的名词还有：bitterness; tiredness; happiness; kindness; carefulness; laziness; sadness; weakness; rudeness; selfishness; shyness; lonely-loneliness; darkness; carefulness; carelessness】 55. Did you know that thousands of people die from smoking every year in Britain? 你知道每年在英国有数千人死于吸烟吗？【die from意为“死于”。死因大多为外部因素，如交通事故、自然灾害等。 die of也意为“死于”，但常指死因存在于人身体之内“主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因‖。die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc)】 56. She is just being difficult.她难以相处。 辨析：be + adj.和be + being + adj. 1. She is kind. 2. She is being kind. She is kind.她平日待人一向和蔼可亲。She is being kind.从结构看, being表示―目前‖或―现在‖的短暂涵义,它说明主体有意识进行的一个动作, 故其内在涵义为: ―她平日待人并不和蔼, 现在却故意装出一副和蔼可亲的模样‖。 在这种句型里, being的意义相当于―故意地‖(purposely or intentionally)。 57. What’s more, doctors have found that more and more people (who don’t smoke) are falling ill. 更重要的是，医生发现越来越多的不吸烟的人正在患病。【what’s more表示递进，意为“另外；而且；此外；更重要的是‖，是一个过渡性词汇。同类型的短语有what’s worse意为 ―更糟糕的是‖】 58. It’s caused by secondary smoking, (which could make Mum and me ill too).这叫二手吸烟，它也会使我和妈妈生病的。【which引导非限定性定语从句】 59. We will do anything (we can) [to help you].为了帮助你，我们会尽全力帮助你。【此句含有定语从句；和目的状语】 60. There is an old saying, ―Laughter is the best medicine.‖有一个古老的谚语：―笑声是最好的药。‖ 61. In some countries special centres for treating illnesses with laughter were set up and became popular.在一些国家里建立了用笑声治疗疾病的特殊中心并且变得很受欢迎。 62. Doctors say five minutes of laughing is as good for you as fifteen minutes in the gym.医生说笑5分钟和在体育馆锻炼15分钟对你有一样的好处。 63. I have difficulty sleeping. I worry so much about my schoolwork.我很难入睡。我很担心我的学业。【固定用法：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难】

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M6 Eating together 重点单词/短语 invitation, calendar, cross, wing, serve, heat up, help yourself; at the end of; pick up 重点句型 语法复习 Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 被动语态 Unit 1 1. invite—invitation; invite sb. to do sth.和invite sb. to sw. 2. When is the school-leaver’ party?毕业生聚会是在什么时候？ 3. It’ll be held on the 30th of May.它将于5月30日举行。【请复习8个被动语态。】 4. In fact, I was chosen to play the dance music. 事实上，我被选中演奏舞曲。【choose此处作及物动词，意为“选择‖，其过去式为chose,过去分词为chosen, choose to do sth.意为 ―选择去做某事‖。 choose的名词形式为choice,意为 ―选择‖，表示做出选择，通常用动词make. We each had to make a choice. 另外还有是形容词，意为―精选的‖。】 5. The teachers have asked everyone to prepare a traditional dish from their home country. 老师让每个人准备一道自己国家的传统菜肴。【prepare此处作及物动词，意为“准备“，后接名词或代词作宾语。常用短语：prepare sb. sth.=prepare sth. for sb.意为“为某人准备某物”；prepare to do sth. 意为“准备做某事”。 She prepared us a nice breakfast.= She prepared a nice for us.】 1) prepare也可用作不及物动词，意为“做准备”，常用短语prepare for意为 ―为…做准备‖. I can’t go to the movices with you because I have to prepare for an exam. 2) prepare的名词形式为preparation，意为“准备；准备工作”。 a traditional dish/course 一道传统菜 6. We can heat it up in the school kitchen, but it should be cooked at home. 我们可以在学校厨房给它加热，但它应该在家烹饪。【heat up为固定短语，意为“加热”。】 lift up 举起 climb up 爬上 get up 起床 come up 开始；发生 stand up 起立 pick up 捡起 grow up 成长 put up 举起；建造 look up 查询 set up 建立；创立 eat up 吃光 use up 用完；耗尽 end up 结束 cut up 切碎 give up 放弃 turn up 开大 cheer up 使高兴 7. It’s made with chicken and vegetables. 它是用鸡肉和蔬菜做成的。【with介词，意为“用（工具或身体部位等）You can cut it with a knife.】 with in 介词 介词 用（工具、身体部位） They eat with forks./ I’ll have to see it with my own eyes. 用（语言、声音、材料） She can give a talk in English./ He talked to her in a low voice. 8. finger food 手拿/抓食品 9. no good的用法： 1) it’s no good doing sth. 做某事没用 It’s no good buying him a watch-he never uses. 2) no good for sth. 某物不适合… This medicine is no good for stomachache. 3) no good to sb. 对某人没有好处或没有帮助 A car is no good to me, since I can’t drive. 10. Cheeseburgers are made of hamburgers and cheese. 干酪汉堡包是由汉堡和奶酪做成的。 be made of be made from ―由…制成”，从制成品上能够看出原材料，或制作过程中发生的是物理变化 ―由…制成”，从制成品上一般看不出原材料，或制作过程中发生的是化学变化 The table is made of wood. The bread is made from corn. 1) be made in…意为“产于…；于…制造”，后接表示地点的名词。 This TV set is made in Shanghai. 2) be made into…意为“被制成…”。 This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 3) be made up of…意为“由…组成”，后跟组成部分。 A year is made up of twelve months. 4) be made by…意为“由…制造”，后接动作的执行者。 This machine is made by the workers in the factory. 11. be popular with受欢迎；be popular for 因…而成名 12. What was Daming chose to do at the school-leavers’ party?在学校毕业生聚会上大明被选中做什么？ 13. Where are they going to prepare the food?他们要去哪准备食物？ 14. The day for the school-leavers’ party is an important date in the school calendar.毕业生聚会是学校日历中一个重要的日子。 15. You can use English with people from all over the world - take your chance to learn something about how they live and what they eat.你可以用英语与来自世界各地的人交流，抓住机会了解他们如何生活和吃什么。【chance此处作可数20