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English is a piece of cake ---- from now!
Lesson1 英语中的句子成分
-----之 主、谓、宾、表
Learning aims:(学习目标)
1. 掌握英语中句子的主要成分:主、谓、宾 2. 能正确地分析简单的句子成分。 3. 增加自己对学好英语的信心。 Pre-learning (课前预习) (参考语法书完成以下内容)
Step1: Enjoy two sentences and try to analyse them.(欣赏并试着分析下列句子) 1. I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
2. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. Step 2: 句子成分的学习
1: 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有______、谓语、______、表语、_________、状语、补足语和同位语。
Step 3: Subject (S --主语)
主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在______,一般不省略。
观察以下句子,划出所给句子的主语并指出词性或类型: 1. Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。 ( )
2. He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。( ) 3. Three plus four equals seven. 三加四等于七。( ) 4. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。( )
5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。( ) 6. What he said is right. 他所说的话是对的。( )
小结:
在一个句子中能作主语的词有:_____、______、_______、__________、__________和从句。 Step 3: Predicate (V---谓语)
1. 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语_________。谓语动词可分为
不及物动词,____________, 短语动词(中学常见者有:动词+介词/副词,动词+名词+介词,动词+副词+介词,动词+介词+名词或动名词等)。 2. 分类:一般可分为两类:
1)简单谓语:由______________构成。如:We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2)复合谓语:____________________如:
I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
I will visit Shanghai this summer holiday. 这个暑假我将去上海。 3. 观察发现:划出下列句子中的谓语动词并指出词性或类型 1) Action speaks louder than words. 百说不如一干。( )
2) The chance may never come again. 这样的机会恐怕不会再来( ) 3) Tom was very sick at heart. 汤姆心里非常难过。( ) 4) Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.( )
自1994年以来,玛丽一直在那家服装店工作。
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English is a piece of cake ---- from now!
小结:
在英语中能单独作谓语的动词有:___________、_____________,而情态动词和___________不能单独作谓语。
Step4: Object (O---宾语)
1. 宾语(object)表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在__________之后。英语中______后也会跟宾语。
2. 观察发现:划出下列句子中的宾语并指出词性或类型。 1)She covered her face with her hands. ( )
2)I studied in Fuyang Normal College (阜阳师范学院)in 2008.( ) 3)We haven't seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。( ) 4)Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗?( ) 5)He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一个好梦( ) 6)Give me four please. 请给我四个。( ) 7) We need to know what others are doing.我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。 ( )
小结:
可作宾语的有_____、_______、_______、__________、__________和从句。 Step5 : Predictive (P--表语)
1. 表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它的位置在________(哪类动词?)之后。
2. 观察发现:划出下列句子中的表语并指出词性或类型。 1)My father is a professor. 我父亲是一位教授。( ) 2)Who's that? It's me. 是谁呀?是我。
3)Everything here is dear to her. 这里的一切她都感到亲切。( ) 4)The match became very exciting. 比赛变得很紧张。( ) 5)The Internet may be of help to our study. 网络对我们的学习可能有帮助。( )
6)Three times five is fifteen. 三乘五等于十五。( ) 7)His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是在城里找工作。( ) 8)My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。
小结:
可作表语的有_____、_______、_______、__________、_________、___________、_________和从句。
Consolidation(巩固练习): 1. 划分下列句子成分:
1). I wonder the secret of nature. 2). Everyone is the best in the world.
2.把下列所给的单词按照语法结构组成一个正确的句子:
1) should /computer /students /learn / playing _______________________________________. 2) the customer's attitude/angry/makes/me /__________________________________________. 4) finding / many graduates/ are /jobs/nowadays ______________________________________.
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English is a piece of cake ---- from now!
Lesson2 英语中的句子成分
------之 定、状、补
Learning aims:(学习目标)
1. 掌握英语中句子的次要成分:定、状、补 2. 能正确地分析稍微复杂的句子成分。 3. 能写出正确的句子。 Pre-learning (课前预习) (参考语法书完成以下内容) Step1 : Attribute (a.--定语)
1.定义: 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单个的词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词的_____;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词的_____。
2. 观察发现:划出下列句子中的定语并指出词性或类型。 1)They are woman workers. ( )
2)Good teachers are needed in our school. ( ) 3)John is the first to come to class everyday.( )
4)The play has three acts. 这出戏有三幕。( )
5) This is her first trip to Europe. 这是她首次欧洲之行。( )
6) Tom's father will come back next week. 汤姆的父亲将会在下周回来。( ) 7) China/USA is a developing/developed country.
中国/美国是一个发展中/发达国家。 ( )
8) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) 想去西藏的人须在此签名。
小结:
可作定语的有_____、_______、_______、__________、__________、_____________、_________和从句。
Step2 : Adverbial (ad.--状语)
1. 功能: 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示________、条件、_________、__________、目的、__________、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。 2. 观察发现:划出下列句子这的状语并指出其在句子中作哪一类状语? 1) Nowadays, these products are selling quickly on the Internet. ( ) 现如今,这些产品在网上十分畅销。
2)Tired and hungry, he got home at midnight. 他在午夜到家了,又累又饿。( ) 3)She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无所事事。( ) 4)We'll send a car over to fetch you. 我们将派一辆车去接你。( ) 5)If you work hard, you'll succeed. 趁热打铁( )
小结:
可作状语的有_______、_______、__________、__________、_____________和从句。 Step3 : Subject/ Object complement( SC---主语补足语、OC.-----宾语补足语) 1. 有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语.
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English is a piece of cake ---- from now!
2. 观察理解:
1)They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。(名词短语) 2)He made me ashamed of myself. 他使我感到惭愧。(形容词短语)
3)We found everything there in good order.
我们发现那里的一切井井有条。 (介词短语作宾语补足语) 4)I should advise you not to miss the chance.
我劝你不要错过机会。 (不定式短语作宾语补足语) 5)I could feel my heart beating fast.
我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。 (分词短语作宾语补足语) 6)Some goods are left unsold.
有些货物剩下未出售。 (分词做主语补足语) 7)She was elected our monitor.
她被选为我们的班长。 (名词短语做主语补足语) Consolidation(巩固练习):
分析并翻译:Lesson1第一部分的两个句子
1. I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
1)该句子含有一个if引导的_______从句;because引导的是一个_______从句;另外还含有一个so...that结构。
2)be crazy about....是什么意思?____________; to do with 是什么意思?_____________ 3) 翻译:_________________________________________________________________ 2. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
1) 该句中的stopping....短语作________(哪一张成分?);until today作_________; where引导的是一个_________从句。
2) see在句中的意思是“看”的意思吗?具体是什么意思呢?_____________ 又如:The ninety years have seen the development of our country. 3) 翻译:___________________________________________________________________
后记:关于句子成分,你学会了哪些呢?(整理你学过的知识点,可以是单词,也可
以是心得体会。)
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