[最新]2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十三 特殊句式

特殊句式在近几年高考题中所占分量居中，各套试题中至少有一道小题考查特殊句式。主要考查倒装句、省略替代、强调句以及感叹句和反意疑问句。

一、倒装

口诀速记：

副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副

连词，“既不……也不”需倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装。not only开头句，前一分句需倒装。had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

倒装分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。实义动词、情态动词或be 动词放在主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1． 全部倒装的情况

使用场合 例句 备注 1

(1)there引导的存在句 ① There is a book in the bag. 常见动词有be, come, ②There came shouts for help lie, happen, appear, from the river. seem, stand, exist, live, remain等。 (2)在here, there, ①Here comes the ①谓语常是表示方位或away, in, out, down, bus.②There goes the train. 位移的不及物动词lie, up, off, now, then开③In rushed the children. ④Now comes your turn. live, sit, stand, be, 头的句子里 come, go, run, rise等。(3)介词短语或方位词①Between the buildings ②主语是人称代词时，不组作地点状语位于句首 stands a tall tree. ②South of the city lies a steel factory. 倒装。如：Here we are. ③From the village came a There he comes. frightening sound.

使用场合 例句 备注 (4)代词such作表语，①Such were the facts. 主谓一致 意为“这样的人，这样的②Such was Albert Einstein. 物”，应置于句首 (5)平衡句子结构或使They reached a farmhouse, in 主谓一致 上下文衔接紧密 front of which sat a small boy.

2. 部分倒装的情况

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使用场合 例句 备注 (1)so, neither, nor开头的①I like sports, and so ①使用正确的助动词。②句子，表示“也一样、也不” does my brother. ②If you go, so will I. ③He 当so表示对前句内容的hasn't come, nor have 肯定和附和时，用自然语his sisters. ④If you 序。如：—Tom works don't go, neither shall I. hard. —So he does and so do you. (他的确很用功，你也是。) (2)含有否定意义的副词(词①Hardly can I believe little作形容词，修饰主组)，如：never, seldom, that. ②Seldom does he write to me. ③By no 语时，仍用正常语序。如：hardly, little, nowhere, by means shall we give up. Little Franz often no means, at no time等置④Little did I know who played the piano. 于句首时 he was.

使用场合 例句 备注 (3)only修饰状语(从Only when the rain stopped did only修饰主语时不倒装。句)，并置于句首时，主the match start again. 如：Only he can do it. 句中要部分倒装 (4)not only…but Not only should we study not only引导的部分要部(also)…连接两个分句，science, but also we should pay 分倒装，但but (also)部not only置于句首 attention to politics. 分不倒装。若not only…but (also)…连接两 3

个主语，句子不倒装。

使用场合 例句 备注 (5)Not until …Hardly…when…No ①Not until yesterday 主倒从不倒，即主sooner…than…So…that…Such…that… did I realize what trouble he was in. 句部分用倒装语②Hardly had I entered 序，从句部分用陈the room when the 述语序。 telephone rang. ③So angry was he that he couldn't speak. ④Such great progress did he make that he was praised. (6)省略if的虚拟条件句，将were，had, ①Were he (＝If he 若条件句中不含should 移至主语前 were ) here now, I were, had, shouldcould ask him. ②Should 则不宜倒装。 he (＝If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.

使用场合 例句 备注 4