高考英语总复习(练习)：专题2第7讲 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气

He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough. 他应该按时到这里了——他很早就出发了。 2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法

(1)must have done“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。

(2)could/can have done“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can’t/couldn’t have done“(过去)不可能做过某事”。

(3)may/might have done“(过去)有可能做过某事”。 (4)should/ought to have done“本该做某事而没做”。 (5)needn’t have done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。 The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure. 那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。

(2016·浙江卷)George can’t have gone too far.His coffee is still warm. 乔治一定没走远，他的咖啡仍旧热呢。

虚拟语气

虚拟语气对比记

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 1．(2015·江苏卷)It might have saved me some trouble if I ____________(know) the schedule.

had known 解析：句意：如果我早知道这个计划表，可能会给我省去一些麻烦。根据语境和主句中的might have saved可推知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故if引导的条件状语从句中谓语动词用had done结构，故填had known。

2．(2016·北京卷)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ____________(tell) me，I could have helped.

had told 解析：根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词＋have done”形式。

3．(2016·浙江卷)____________(have) the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005. Had 解析：这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里是表示对过去的虚拟，故填Had。

4．(2015·四川卷)If you are me, would you talk to them？____________________ are→were 解析：根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。 Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 1．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法：

情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 would/could/ should/might＋动词原形 would/could/ should/might＋have done would/could/ should/might＋动词原形 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式形式用were) 与过去事实相反 过去完成式 (1)were to do 与将来事实相反 (2)should do (3)过去式 If my brother were here，everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。

If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。 —John went to the hospital alone. ——约翰自己一个人去的医院。

—If he had told me about it, I would have gone with him. ——要是他告诉我，我就陪他去了。

在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有had, were, should时，可以把if省略，把had, were, should提到句首，变为倒装句。

Had you(＝If you had) come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。

Were I(＝If I were) twenty now, I would join the army. 如果我现在20岁，我就参军。 2．虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法

有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，被称为含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有： without in case but for otherwise/or

(要是)没有 万一；以防 要不是 否则

We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. 要不是一个电话，我们不可能在一起待一分钟。

其他情况需注意

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 1．(2017·湖北四地七校第一次联考)It is high time that you ____________(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.

considered/should consider 解析：在It is high time that...句式中，从句用虚拟语气，即：谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形。

2．(2015·天津卷)I wish I ____________(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

had been 解析：wish引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反用had done形式表达。 3．(2017·湖北华大联盟高三2月质检)I suggest that the school organizes a cooking-learning activity to teach students to prepare some delicious food.____________________

organizes→organize 解析：句中动词suggest表建议，其后跟从句时，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。

4．Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police