2018牛津高中英语语法大全集(1至模块10语法)

名师讲义 直通清华北大 名师讲义 直通清华北大 名师讲义

contained.

3．过去完成时态只是指在另一个过去的动作之前发生的动作，并不是指发生在一长段时间以前的动作。

如：I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.

4．过去完成时态经常跟以下引导的时间短语连用，如when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for, already.

如：Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died. 5．过去完成时态的构成：had+v-ed

如：Howard Carter had received money from Lord Carnarvon before

he made his most amazing discovery.

二 现在完成时态还是过去完成时态

当我们谈论一个与现在有关的过去的事情时，我们用现在完成时态。 如：Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.

当我们在谈论过去，并要说明一个更早发生的动作的时候，我们就要用过去完成时态。

如：Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter?s team began to fall ill and die strangly.

牛津高中英语－模块三

第一单元

一 名词性从句：名词性从句的介绍

名词性从句在句中的作用和名词或名词短语的作用是一样的。 ? 我们可以用名词性从句做句子的主语。

如：That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.

Whether he?ll be able to come is not yet known. Why they have not left yet is unclear. 我们可以用it来做形式主语。

名师讲义 直通清华北大 名师讲义 直通清华北大 如：It was good news that everyone got back safely. ? 我们可以用名词性从句来做动词的宾语。 如：she sensed that she was being watched. I wonder if/whether that?s a good idea. Polly didn?t know which way she should go. 我们可以用名词性从句来做介词的宾语。 如：I?m interested in who that tall man is.

名师讲义

There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man.

我们可以用it来做形式宾语。 如：we all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running. ? 我们可以用名词性从句来做表语。

如：the truth is that the fog is too think for the bus to run that far. My question is whether Polly can find her way home. The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crowd. ? 我们可以用名词性从句来做一个名词的同位语。

如：the fact that Polly didn?t ask for the man?s name is a pity. The news that the plane had crashed made us sad. Whatever gave you the idea that I can sing?

? 我们用that，if/whether或一个疑问词来引导名词性从句。 如：I hope that Polly will be OK.

No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident.

She couldn?t imagine how the blind man had found her.

二 名词性从句：用that或if/whether引导的名词性从句 1．我们用that 来引导名词性从句。

1）当从句是一个陈述句时，我们用that来引导名词性从句。

如：She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.

名师讲义 直通清华北大 名师讲义 直通清华北大 名师讲义

2) 在大多数情况下，我们不用that来引导介词后的名词性从句，但是，可以用that来引导in或except后的宾语从句。

如：The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog. I didn?t tell him anything except that I wasn?t able to find my way back.

3）当名词性从句做句子的主语时，that不能省略。

如：That we couldn?t find our way out was really bad news. 4）在非正式英语中，当名词性从句做句子的宾语或表语时，that可以省略。

如：She wished (that) someone would come along to help her. The truth is (that) the buses will not be running. ? 我们用if或whether 来引导名词性从句。

? 当从句是个一般疑问句时，我们用if或whether来引导名词性从句。我们把if或whether后面从句的顺序改成陈述句的语序。 如：She wondered. Would the buses still be running? She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running. ? 介词后只能用whether，而不能用if。

如：She is not certain about whether she has done anything wrong. ? 当从句做主语放在句子开头时，只能用whether，而不能用if。

如：Whether it is going to clear up keeps me wondering. ? 只能用whether or not，而不能用if or not。

如：I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street. ? 如果and或but引导两个并列的that或whether/if引导的名词性从句，后一个句子的that或whether/if不可省。

如：He said that he liked rain very much and that he wouldn?t use an umbrella when it was raining.

No one knows whether it will be fine tomorrow and whether he will come to work.

名师讲义 直通清华北大 名师讲义 直通清华北大 第二单元

一 名词性从句：由疑问词引导的名词性从句

名师讲义

我们用以下的疑问词来引导名词性从句：what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where, why and how。

? 当从句是wh-引导的疑问句时，我们用疑问词来引导名词性从句。从句可以做句子的主语，宾语或表语。

如：Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech. You can begin to see why English has such strange rules.

That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules. ? 我们把疑问词后面的句式改成陈述句的语序。

如：What are people from the north saying? People from the south find it difficult to understand.

People from the south find it difficult to understand what people from the north are saying.

3．在任何情况下，都不可以省略名词性从句中的疑问引导词。 二 形式主语it

在英语中，我们通常把最重要的信息放在句子的末尾用于强调。这被称做句末强调效果。用形式主语it就可以达到这一效果。It只是语法意义上的主语，真正的主语在句子的后面。

? 我们通常用it来做形式主语。

? 当我们用一个名词性从句来做句子的主语时：

（更好的）It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. （正确的）That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.

? 当主语是带to的动词不定式时：

（更好的）It is hard to master a foreign language. （正确的）To master a foreign language is hard. ? 当主语是动词-ing形式时：

（更好的）Smoking is difficult to stop. （正确的）It is difficult to stop smoking.