1.语法填空解题技巧 - 图文

语法填空解题技巧

考 点 题 量 试 卷 2014—2015高考(新课标)全国卷语法填空出题形式及各类考点统计表 词形变词类转换 动词 词法与句法 换 谓语 非谓语 名指形情词示时态、态动动单代名与语副代动状定动词形形动名复词并词态(含词词词词冠介语语词i ↓↓↓↓数与列性虚拟过比转与词 词 从从不n 副 名 形 形 与不句 从语气去较换 助句 句 定g所定句 与主分等动式 形有代谓一词 式 级 词 格 词 致) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 有提示词 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 无提示词 1 1 特殊句式 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ 2014 Ⅱ 样卷 出题形式 2015 连接性副词与时间副词 1 1 语境填词 1

近年高考考点总结：

语法填空分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。 1. 无提示词题， 即没有提示词的纯空格题

一般是6个或7个小题，近年来，只考查了介词、冠词、关联词（连词）和代词等四类词； 2. 有提示词题， 即用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，

一般是4个或3个小题，至今只考查了谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。

(2015·全国Ⅰ)

Yangshuo，China

It was raining lightly when I 61. (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62. ，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with 63. (it) choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.

I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65. (painting)．Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away 66. car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo 67. (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68. (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular

weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70. (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 1

(二)

(2015·全国Ⅱ)

The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41. (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42. most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty，what

makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43. (able) to“ air condition” a house without 44. (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45. (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.

When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46. (cool) the house during the hot day；47. the same time，they warm up again for the night. This cycle 48. (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 49. (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50. thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

(三)

(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It 61. (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62. (actual) caught fire and burned. Now，years later，this river is one of 63. most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64. even a few months. It took years of work 65. ( reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66. ( clean ) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67. is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.

When you face such an impossible situation，don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 68. (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69. (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70. (patience)．

(四)

(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)

One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about 41. (be) late for school. There

were many people waiting at the bus stop,42. some of them looked very anxious and 43. (disappoint)．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board. I got a place next 44. the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 45. (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused 46. (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still，the boy kept 47. (ride)．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.

I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“48. anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！It’s 49. (I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers 50. (sudden) became friendly to one another.

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解题思维导图

根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 1. 词性转换 形容词、副词、动词

名词 2. 名词所有格 1. 词性转换

形容词 2. 比较级或最高级 , 加前缀变成其反义词 同形容词 副词 有提示词 语

法填 空 解 题

思

路

时态，注意常考时态 作谓语 语态，即被动语态 语气，即虚拟语气

动词 1. 词性转换 不作谓语 1. to do 表:将来/目的 2. 非谓语 2. V-ing 表:主动/进行 3. V-ed 表:被动/完成 冠词 名词之前“一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the ,尤其是泛指

介词 当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意 搭配 常为介词考查主要内容依据。

无提示词 从属连词：since(既然，自从)，because, as（因为），although, 连词 though, after, before 并列连词：but, not only…but also, or, and, for(因为)等

指示代词：this, that, those, these

人称代词：I, me, them, they, he, its等

形容词性物主代词：your，my，his， its等

名词性物主代词：mine， his， its， hers, yours，ours等 代词 反身代词：themselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, ourselves等

不定代词：another, other, some, many, much, little, anything,

somebody, no, such 等

关系代词：who, whom, which, that, as等 疑问代词：what, whatever, which, who等 3

一、纯空格试题的解题技巧。

首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下技巧：

技巧1: 下列情况很可能填不定冠词a/an：

(1)________+可数名词(单数)；

(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。

下列情况下很可能填定冠词the：

(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)； (2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；

(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。

1. He’s amazing singer, a music video director, a business owner and he …… 2. One way that Americans do this is with firm hand shake. 3. This is ____ law of Americans—of all successful people.

4. It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure 5. If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.

6. The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for _______ new Jiangsu.

注意：1. hour 2. honest boy 3. 8-year-old boy 4. X-ray photo 5. university

技巧2：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词 (多考查代词)。

1. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city. 2. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on 3. We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet.

4 Jack and Mary both bought a camera yesterday. But his camera is more expensive than_____.

技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语, 动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。

1. One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar _____ the exhibits 2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ whom she could turn for help.

3. Whatever difficult situation he was __, he never lost confidence and was always optimistic about the future life.

技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

1. His teacher didn’t scold him, ____ comforted him instead. 2 .They sat down _____ talked about something.

3 .All those little houses looked terribly old-fashioned _____ nice, like dolls’ houses

4. Health foods are packaged (包装) in greens, yellows _____ browns because we think of these as healthy colors

技巧5：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。

1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.

2. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. 3. John thinks it won’t be long _____ he is ready for his new job.

4. There are so many kinds of dictionaries in the shop. I can’t decide _____ dictionary I should buy. 5. The room ____ Mr. White lives is not very large.

技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能

是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

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