2012年高考真题分析 - 英语（上海卷）Word版 - 含答案

Ferries or CityRail services (limited area)及第三段中All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days,…可以推断出拥有a SydneyPass，去机场是免费的，所以选A。

71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A.$225. B.$300. C. $360. D.$420.

【参考答案】 C

【测量目标】 计算题 【难度等级】 稍难

【思路解析】根据文章倒数第二段A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 years. Children under 4 years travel free.。可知题干中三岁的孩子免费，所以得出买票的一共是四个人，两个大人，两个小孩。所以可算出最便宜的价格计算公式为：＄120×2＋＄60×2=＄360，所以答案选C。此题容易误选D。 【Passage B整体评析】

本次阅读的B篇题材为说明文，生词也不是很多，学生容易看懂，。此篇文章体现了但是需要学生推断和理解以及计算的题型需要学生仔细阅读文章，否则解题时容易出错。

(C)

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same \such as verbal or physical conflict (\(\However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called \and befriend.\That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (\by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females('befriend\

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of Fuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that \and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.\分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

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In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to . A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children

【参考答案】 C

【测量目标】 推理判断 【难度等级】 中等

【思路解析】 根据第五段中的关键句The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.\中可以看出，男性面对压力是通过独自呆在家力享受这种宁静和C选项“逃脱现实”与男性处理压力的方式匹配，其他选项均不正确。

73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

【参考答案】 D

【测量目标】 推理判断 【难度等级】 较难

【思路解析】 根据第三段中的关键句This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and

women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that \ with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.\ also secrete【分泌】oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.尤其最后一句话意为“虽 然男性也分泌后叶催产素（脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙的一种），但是产生的影响却因男性激素作用而降低”，显然指“后叶催产素对女性的作用比对男性的作用大”，因此，选D。

74. What can be learned from the passage?

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A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

【参考答案】 C

【测量目标】 考查推理判断 【难度等级】 较难

【思路解析】根据文章第二段中However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.本句提出“男性与女性对压力的生理反应及行为反应是不同的”。以及第三段The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that \more social, and less anxious.指出叶催产素高的人和动物更镇定，放松，而且善于社交忧虑少，所以答案为C。

75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders

【参考答案】 A

【测量目标】 考查考生对文章主旨的理解。 【难度等级】 中等 【思路解析】 根据文章首段第一句Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. 以及文章第二段中However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.本句提出“男性与女性对压力的生理反应及行为反应是不同的”。可以得出答案选A。 【Passage C整体评析】

根据今年阅读C篇较前两篇来说，词汇量偏大，但与去年C篇Archeology相比，难度不高，学生基本上可以理解和读懂，但是结合近3年的C篇内容来看，均考查到了科技说明文，这一条思路也是不变的，所以需要今后参加高考的学生注重说明文的阅读和理解。

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. When a child should learn to read B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading

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C. What if a child has reading problems D. How you prepare a young child for reading E. What is the best way to teach a child reading F. Whether reading early promises later achievements 76.

Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training. 77.

Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 78.

Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language\\method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a \than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 79.

You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start \thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity. 80.

Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning

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